Desalination of non-chlorinated surface seawater using TFCR membrane elements

Enhanced performance of inorganic-polyamide nanocomposite membranes prepared by metal-alkoxide-assisted interfacial polymerization

“…TFCs are composed of an outer ultra-thin skin polyamide layer (0.1-1 m) fabricated via interfacial polymerization (IP) of m-phenylene diamine in an aqueous phase and trimesoyl chloride in an organic phase, a porous middle polysulfone support, and a non-woven polyester fabric base [6][7][8][9][10][11]. These membranes have been widely used in water desalination [12,13].…”

Probing the structural variations of thin film composite RO membranes obtained by coating polyamide over polysulfone membranes of different pore dimensions

“…The development of a multilayered thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane comprising: (1) top ultra-thin skin polyamide layer, (2) middle polysulfone porous support and (3) bottom non-woven fabric for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is a major breakthrough in the field of membrane science and technology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The TFC polyamide membranes, which possess an aromatic polyamide active layer, made via interfacial polymerization of m-phenylene diamine (MPD) in aqueous phase and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in organic phase is commercially the most successful membrane.…”

Preparation and separation properties of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

“…An interfacial polymerization composite membrane is defined as a bilayer film formed by a two‐step process. Generally, a composite membrane consists of a porous support nonselective layer with a surface of another ultrathin selective barrier layer 15–19. The separation performance of composite polyamide membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization method is dependent on several variables, such as concentration of reactant, solubility of nascent polymer in the solution phase, reaction time, and partition coefficients of the reactant 20.…”