Probing the structural variations of thin film composite RO membranes obtained by coating polyamide over polysulfone membranes of different pore dimensions

Study on the thin film composite poly(piperazine-amide) nanofiltration membrane: Impacts of physicochemical properties of substrate on interfacial polymerization formation

“…With respect to the surface porosity, it increases in the order of PSf (12.42%) b PEI (13.16%) b PES (15.62%). Thus, the surface porosity is in a reversed order of the surface pore size as reported in the previous studies [15,16]. Fig.…”

“…As of now, most studies have been made using polysulfone (PSf) as a substrate material to study the correlation between the formed barrier layer and various substrate characteristics [14][15][16]. Oh et.…”

Relating performance of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes to support layer formation and structure

“…This finding may suggest that when a thicker skin layer and smaller surface pores are present on the support layer, an integral PA layer can be fabricated more easily. This trend with support surface pore size is expected [39]. However, other support properties might impact PA formation, such as pore size distribution and number density, and the presence of defects.…”

A recent progress in thin film composite membrane: A review

“…In the literature, only several research works have been reported on the interaction between ultrathin barrier layer and the surface of the underlying microporous support with respect to characteristics of support layer [60,[64][65][66]. In 2001, Oh et al [60] modified the polyacrylonitrate substrate with NaOH to create a covalent or ionic bond with the PA layer and because of this; higher stability of performance was resulted due to the improved adhesion extent.…”

“…Similar observation was experienced by Liu et al [63] where formation of covalent linkages between PTFE substrate film and PA layer led to good layer compatibility and thus greater membrane stability. Singh et al [64] on the other hand related the changes in PA layer properties to the different pore size distribution of PSF substrate. Smaller pore size distributions of substrate (0.07 μm) is found to have superior salt rejection efficiency compared to bigger pore size distribution (0.15 μm), mainly due to significant increase in skin layer thickness following a reduced penetration of PA into pore of substrate.…”