Desalinated seawater into pilot-scale drinking water distribution system: chlorine decay and trihalomethanes formation

Li, Xunchao; Li, Cong; Bayier, Mingda; Zhao, Taotao; Zhang, Tuqiao; Chen, Xinbo; Mao, Xinwei

doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1095682

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…where C(t) is the chlorine concentration (mg L −1 ) at a given time; C 0 is the initial chlorine concentration (mg L −1 ); z is the fraction factor accounting for slow reaction; and k s and k f are the first-order rate constants (h −1 ) for the slow and fast reactions, respectively [32]. There have been various attempts to estimate these rate constants using water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), salinity, NH 4 + , temperature, and pH [22,[33][34][35]. Moreover, the initial chlorine concentration is included, since a strong correlation is common between the chlorine decay rate and initial concentration [22,33].…”

Section: Chlorine Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Chlorine-Dynamics Modeling of In-Situ Chlorination Systems for Cooling Systems

Lee

Fikri

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Chlorination is the preferred method to control biofouling in a power plant cooling system due to its comparative effectiveness and low cost. If a power plant is located in a coastal area, chlorine can be electrochemically generated in-situ using seawater, which is called in-situ electro-chlorination; this approach has several advantages including fewer harmful chlorination byproducts and no need for chlorine storage. Nonetheless, this electrochemical process is still in its infancy in practice. In this study, a parallel first-order kinetics was applied to simulate chlorine decay in a pilot-scale cooling system. Since the decay occurs along the water-intake pipe, the kinetics was incorporated into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes, which were subsequently applied to simulate chlorine behavior in the pipe. The experiment and the simulation data indicated that chlorine concentrations along the pipe wall were incremental, even under the condition where a strong turbulent flow was formed. The fact that chlorine remained much more concentrated along the pipe surface than in the middle allowed for the reduction of the overall chlorine demand of the system based on the electro-chlorination. The cooling system, with an in-situ electro-chlorination, consumed only 1/3 of the chlorine dose demanded by the direct injection method. Therefore, it was concluded that in-situ electro-chlorination could serve as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for biofouling control at power plants on coastal areas.

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