Solar energy is a sustainable energy supply technology due to the renewable nature of solar radiation and the ability of solar energy conversion systems to generate greenhouse gas-free heat and electricity during their lifetime. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the effect of hybrid nanofluids on heat transfer for solar application. An experiment was conducted for hybrid nanofluid concentrations starting from 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0%. Each setup was exposed to short wavelength radiation under a solar simulator with 300, 500 and 700 W/m2 for 30 minutes, of which 15 minutes is the heating period and the next 15 minutes is for cooling. For solar radiation of 300 W/m2 within 15 minutes of charging process are 51.9 °C, 52.8 °C, 53.4 °C and 54.2 °C for concentration of nanofluids 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0% respectively. The results for solar radiation of 500 and 700 W/m2 within 15 minutes almost the same pattern which is increasing during the charging process. It can be concluded that the higher concentrations of nanofluid give ample time to the test tube to transfer the heat and thus increased its temperature during the charging process.
Stroke is a major cause of disability in worldwide and also one of the causes of death after coronary heart disease. Many devices had been designed for hand motor function rehabilitation that a stroke survivor can use for bilateral movement practice. This paper presents an arm motor function rehabilitation device where it is designed to predict the position angle for the robotic arm. MATLAB software is used for real-time positioning that can be developed by SIMULINK block diagram and proof by the simulator in program code in order for devising to operate under the position demand. All the angular motions or feedback to the simulation mode from the attached optical encoders via the Data Acquisition Card (DAQ). The learning algorithm can directly determine the position of its joint and can therefore completely eliminate the need for any system modelling. The robotic arm shows a successful implementation of the learning algorithm in predicting the behavior for arm exoskeleton.
This paper investigates three square multilayer absorber solar collector in Solar Water Heating System (SWHS) experimentally. The main aim was to study the output temperature of the solar absorber collector based on distilled water (DW), water/ethylene glycol (W/EG) and TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids. An experimental apparatus for testing absorber solar collector was designed and built at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli Campus). By using the two-step method, TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids with ratio 30:70 and volume concentration at 1.0%. For W/EG the ratio is 60:40. The effect working fluid was studied experimentally on the output temperature of three square multilayer absorber solar collector in SWHS with Angle of Sunlight (AoS) at 45°, volume flow rate at 3 litres per minute (LPM) and varies Intensity of Light (IoL) at 300, 500 and 700 W/m2. The output temperature is determined through the experimental results by using this apparatus. The result reveals that the output temperature of the solar absorber collector is TiO2- SiO2 nanofluids with 1.0% of volume concentration as a best working fluid at each intensity of light.
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