Dermatopharmacology of Antiparasitics and Insect Repellents

Burgess, Ian F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57145-9_11

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This may explain why we encountered little evidence for insecticide resistance through treatment failure with phenothrin, unlike recent studies in which participants were referred by general practices 5 11. The posology and formulation excipients of phenothrin liquid, however, probably contribute towards activity to overcome low levels of resistance 12. Overall, the efficacy for both products was comparable to that found for malathion lotions applied by parents in North Wales in 1999 and the investigator led study of permethrin in the United States, although the latter, as an efficacy study may not represent consumer use 3 10…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial

Burgess¹,

Brown²,

2005

BMJ

128

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% dimeticone lotion for treatment of head louse infestation. Design Randomised controlled equivalence trial. Setting Community, with home visits. Participants 214 young people aged 4 to 18 years and 39 adults with active head louse infestation. Interventions Two applications seven days apart of either 4.0% dimeticone lotion, applied for eight hours or overnight, or 0.5% phenothrin liquid, applied for 12 hours or overnight. Outcome measures Cure of infestation (no evidence of head lice after second treatment) or reinfestation after cure. Results Cure or reinfestation after cure occurred in 89 of 127 (70%) participants treated with dimeticone and 94 of 125 (75%) treated with phenothrin (difference − 5%, 95% confidence interval − 16% to 6%). Per protocol analysis showed that 84 of 121 (69%) participants were cured with dimeticone and 90 of 116 (78%) were cured with phenothrin. Irritant reactions occurred significantly less with dimeticone (3/127, 2%) than with phenothrin (11/125, 9%; difference − 6%, − 12% to − 1%). Per protocol this was 3 of 121 (3%) participants treated with dimeticone and 10 of 116 (9%) treated with phenothrin (difference − 6%, − 12% to − 0.3%). Conclusion Dimeticone lotion cures head louse infestation. Dimeticone seems less irritant than existing treatments and has a physical action on lice that should not be affected by resistance to neurotoxic insecticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial

Burgess¹,

Brown²,

2005

BMJ

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Burgess, unpublished data). Consequently, the methodology of ex vivo tests conducted by Meinking and colleagues (58,61), in which lice were permitted to paddle around continuously on toweling wetted with pediculicide, without subsequent washing, may have given unrepresentative results in some cases (15). Nevertheless, these tests demonstrated that clear differences exist between products, when applied to a naive Panamanian population of lice not previously exposed to pediculicides (61), and that some differences had arisen as a result of reformulation (58).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Insecticides In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tests using laboratory-reared body lice may be less discriminatory than tests employing wild-caught head lice, and they do not identify variations of effectiveness likely to arise as a result of selection pressure (58). However, provided the tests mimic consumer use and do not employ absorptive substrates to which lice may cling (13,15), they can be just as discriminatory of poor formulation (9,10,14,15,20). In such tests, malathion and carbaryl had limited and variable effectiveness, and only in formulations containing active excipients, such as high levels of monoterpenes (approximately 13%-20%), were they completely pediculicidal and ovicidal (9,10).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Insecticides In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

HUMAN LICE AND THEIR CONTROL

Burgess

2004

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

Self Cite

152

109

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Current research on human louse biology has focused on the long-standing debate about speciation of head and body lice but using new tools of DNA and enzyme analysis. These studies have indicated that head and body lice from the same geographical zone may be more closely allied than insects inhabiting the same ecological niche in other regions. However, the majority of research over the past decade has involved clinical aspects including transmission, treatment, and the appearance and identification of resistant strains within populations of lice. Despite advances, there is a need for a better understanding of louse biology, as existing therapies fail and lice remain potential vectors of disease for millions of people.

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“…Several studies have now shown acquired resistance to this insecticide in head lice, and in most cases, this has been identified as being primarily mediated by a recessive gene mutation known as "knockdown" resistance (kdr) [1][2][3][4][5], although this is not the only mechanism for resistance to these insecticides, which may also be degraded metabolically [5,11]. However, the impact of resistance is variable depending upon the intensiveness of selection pressure through extensive and frequent use of pyrethroid insecticides for treatment of infestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical trial showing superiority of a coconut and anise spray over permethrin 0.43% lotion for head louse infestation, ISRCTN96469780

Burgess¹,

Brunton²,

Burgess³

2009

Eur J Pediatr

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Permethrin is the most widely used pediculicide, but evidence of resistance from several countries and anecdotal reports from Germany suggest that permethrin lotion is now less effective. We designed a randomized, controlled, parallel group trial involving 100 participants with active head louse infestation to investigate the activity of a coconut and anise spray and to see whether permethrin lotion is still effective, using two applications of product 9 days apart. The spray was significantly more successful (41/50, 82.0%) cures compared with permethrin (21/50, 42.0%; p < 0.0001, difference 40.0%, 95% confidence interval of 22.5% to 57.5%). Per-protocol success was 83.3% and 44.7%, respectively. Thirty-three people reported irritant reactions following alcohol contact with excoriated skin. We concluded that, although permethrin lotion is still effective for some people, the coconut and anise spray can be a significantly more effective alternative treatment.

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Dermatopharmacology of Antiparasitics and Insect Repellents

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial

Treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial

HUMAN LICE AND THEIR CONTROL

Clinical trial showing superiority of a coconut and anise spray over permethrin 0.43% lotion for head louse infestation, ISRCTN96469780

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