Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae Allergy in Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Cross-reactivity Not Dual-Sensitization

Abstract

Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are causative factors for the development of airway hypersensitivity. The main objective in this study was to identify the cross-reactive allergens between T. putrescentiae and D. pteronyssinus and investigate their sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of sensitization to mites was determined by skin prick tests and histamine release assays. Both immunoblot and ELISA inhibition assays were performed by using the recombinant allergens of T. putrescentiae and D. pteronyssinus. The cross-reactive allergens were identified by using IgE-binding inhibition analysis. The correlations of specific IgE between T. putrescentiae and D. pteronyssinus to group 2 and group 3 mite allergens were compared. A total of 117 allergic rhinitis patients, aged between 16 and 40 years old were recruited to be included in this study. The results showed that 70% (82/117) of allergic rhinitis subjects had skin test positive reactions to D. pteronyssinus or T. putrescentiae. Among these mite-sensitive subjects, there were 81 subjects (81/82) sensitive to D. pteronyssinus and 34 subjects (34/82) sensitive to T. putrescentiae. Among the T. putrescentiae hypersensitive subjects, 97% (33/34) were also sensitized to D. pteronyssinus. In the IgE-binding inhibition analysis, 59% (13/22) subjects had IgE-binding activity of T. putrescentiae that was completely absorbed by D. pteronyssinus, especially components with MW at 16 kDa. In ELISA inhibition testing, 69% of IgE-binding was inhibited by rTyr p 2, and 45% inhibited by rTyr p 3. The titers of IgE antibodies to rTyr p 2 and rDer p 2 were well correlated, but not rTyr p 3 and rDer p 3. In conclusion, most T. putrescentiae sensitized subjects were also sensitized to D. pteronyssinus in young adult allergic rhinitis patients. The complete absorption of IgE binding activity by D. pteronyssinus indicates that T. putrescentiae hypersensitivity might be due to the cross-reactivity, not dual-sensitization of D. pteronyssinus and T. putrescentiae. The IgE-binding titers of group 2 allergens were well correlated and the binding activity of Tyr p 2 could be absorbed by Der p 2, suggesting that group 2 allergens are the major cross-reactive allergen of D. pteronyssinus and T. putrescentiae.

Detection of group 2 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen for environmental monitoring of dust mite infestation

“…This result indicated that Der p 2 may play an important role in D. pteronyssinus sensitization. In previous study, we have demonstrated that Tyr p 2 is the major allergenic component in storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae of allergic rhinitis patients and processes high level cross-reactivity with Der p 2 (14). The IgE-binding titers of group 2 allergens were well correlated and the binding activity of Tyr p 2 could be absorbed by Der p 2 (14).…”

“…In previous study, we have demonstrated that Tyr p 2 is the major allergenic component in storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae of allergic rhinitis patients and processes high level cross-reactivity with Der p 2 (14). The IgE-binding titers of group 2 allergens were well correlated and the binding activity of Tyr p 2 could be absorbed by Der p 2 (14). Indeed, group 2 allergens are more cross-reactive not only between dust mites D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, but also with other storage mites T. putrescentiae and Lepidoglyphus destructor (15).…”

Clinical Effectiveness ofTyrophagus putrescentiaeAllergy by Local Nasal Immunotherapy Using Strips ofDermatophagoides pteronyssinus

“…Infestation levels of both house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and Dermatophagoides farinae) and storage mites (Blomia tropicalis and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp)) have been shown to be high in houses around the world (4-6). These mites have been reported to be clinically important (7)(8)(9), and it has been demonstrated that both mites can concurrently sensitize patients (10,11).…”

“…Considerable cross-reactivity has been demonstrated between Dp and Tp, especially in the 16 kDa group 2 allergen, which is one of the most prevalent allergens among both. We previously reported that most young adult patients with allergic rhinitis were sensitized to either Dp or Tp (10), and most Tp sensitization was caused by cross-reactivity rather than dual sensitization. The major cross-reactive allergens have been identified as group 2 allergens.…”

“…The major cross-reactive allergens have been identified as group 2 allergens. Since serum IgE reactivity to Der p2 and Tyr p2 is well correlated, and its activity on IgE binding can be absorbed by each other (10), it is conceivable that both of them are cross-reactive.…”