Derivatization in Gas Chromatography of Lipids

Řezanka, Tomáš; Pádrová, Karolína; Sigler, Karel

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_71-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To improve the analysis of FAs in pollen samples, it is recommended to convert them to their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) form due to their poor vaporization and potential tailing peaks in gas chromatography (GC) caused by their polar groups (Řezanka et al, 2016;Chiu and Kuo, 2020). To assess the saturation levels of our GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) methods for FA analysis, we used a FAME standard (FAME mix C8-C24) with total standard concentrations ranging from 10 to 600 ng/μL in heptane (see Supplementary Table S1 for compound details).…”

Section: Selection Of a Detector And Saturation Limit For Fa Quantifi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A common protocol for reliable comparison of pollen fatty acid profiles: highlighting pitfalls and proposing a methodology for ecological research

et al. 2023

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IntroductionPollen is an important tissue in plants that plays a vital role in plant reproduction as it carries male gametes and occasionally also serves as a pollinator reward. There has been an increasing interest in pollen chemistry due to the impact of chemical variation on pollinator choices and well-being, especially in bees. The pollen fat content and lipid-to-protein ratio have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating pollen intake, and some bee species avoid overconsumption of fatty acids while specific pollen fatty acid ratios are essential for bee cognition. Therefore, knowledge of the fatty acid composition of plant pollen is crucial for understanding plant-pollinator interactions. However, existing methods for fatty acid analyses are not always specific to pollen fatty acids, and non-pollen-derived fatty acids can easily contaminate samples, making comparison between different methods impossible. Hence, the objectives of our study were to highlight the common mistakes and pitfalls made during pollen fatty acid extraction and analysis and propose a common protocol for reliable comparisons of pollen samples.MethodsThe proposed method, developed in two different labs using different gas chromatograph/mass spectrometers and gas chromatograph/flame ionization detectors, involved manually homogenizing pollen, extracting it with chloroform:methanol (2:1), and analyzing it using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) and a flame ionization detector (FID) for identification and quantification.ResultsWe found that many fatty acids were present in plastic materials and many solvents commonly used in the labs, cautioning against the use of plastic and recommending blank samples to determine the level of contamination. We also suggest adding an internal standard and checking the MS and FID’s saturation limit before starting pollen homogenization.DiscussionOur proposed method generated reliable fatty acid profiles of pollen from two different plant species analyzed in the two labs, and we hope it serves as a blueprint for achieving a common methodology for characterizing and comparing pollen fatty acid profiles in ecological research.

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Section: Selection Of a Detector And Saturation Limit For Fa Quantifi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A common protocol for reliable comparison of pollen fatty acid profiles: highlighting pitfalls and proposing a methodology for ecological research

et al. 2023

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“…However, it should be stressed that the spectra of fatty acids are not very common and often the identification is based on the presence of the mother peak [84]. Moreover, fatty acids are difficult to evaporate and their quantitative analysis is carried out after derivatization [85,86]. For this reason, the exact interpretation of the compounds in this group was not carried out, especially as they are not considered to be enzymatic hydrolysis inhibitors due to their difficult solubility in water.…”

Section: Fatty Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Extractives from Various Poplar Species

Szadkowska

Zawadzki

Kozakiewicz

et al. 2021

Forests

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Fast-growing poplar trees from plantations are the source of inexpensive wood that is intended mainly for chemical processing in the pulp and paper industry. Their potential as raw material for biofuel manufacturing is widely discussed as well. The detailed chemical composition of this raw material is therefore an important question. Five species of poplars were investigated: Populus alba, P. maximowiczii, P. trichocarpa, P. nigra, andP. tremula. Wood is a material consisting mainly of lignocellulose, but there are also many extractives. In temperate zone climate they typically represent up to 5% of wood mass. Their identification is difficult, due to various classes of compounds and great number of individual ones. These compounds can affect the properties of wood—its resistance to biotic agents and suitability to enzymatic treatment towards biofuels. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to analysis of extractives in various species of poplar wood. Compounds from several classes were identified like phenols, fatty acids, and their derivatives, sterols. Their identification was discussed along with estimation of their content in wood of investigated species.

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