Derivation and synthesis of renewable surfactants

Abstract

This critical review focuses on the origins and preparation of bio-based surfactants, defined here as non-soap, amphiphilic molecules in which the carbon atoms are derived from annually renewable feedstocks. Environmental concerns and market pressures have led to greater relevance of these chemicals in commercial applications in recent years and extensive research has gone into exploring new classes of surfactants. Highlighted here are examples of bio-based surfactants that are produced on an industrial scale and/or are based on abundant starting materials. The trend of increasing use of renewable resources as starting materials for surfactants is introduced, followed by extensive discussion of the major classes of bio-derived hydrophobes and hydrophiles. Also discussed is the status of research and development with regard to biosynthetically produced surfactants. Finally, concluding remarks address the potential for new surfactant molecular structures as a result of ongoing development in the chemistry of biorefineries, i.e., that the transformation of lignocellulose into fuels is likely to support the manufacturing of new bio-based coproducts (238 references).

Molecular Building Blocks and Their Architecture in Biologically/Environmentally Compatible Soft Matter Chemical Machinery

“…Some environmentally benign surfactants have been synthesized using renewable resources, such as sugars and amino acids, and exhibit low toxicity and high biodegradability. Because sugar-and amino acid-based surfactants form relatively stable emulsions with large quantities of oil components and water, they are used as emulsifiers in foods and cosmetics, in addition to their use in technical fields such as emulsion polymerization 42,43 . Additionally, sugar-based biosurfactants produced by a variety of microorganisms exhibit unique properties such as mild production conditions, multifunctionality, and high environmental compatibility 44 .…”

Transformation of Cellulose into Nonionic Surfactants Using a One‐Pot Catalytic Process

“…Recently, increasing interest has been paid on the production of surfactants from oleochemicals and lignocellulosic biomass. [2] We have been working along this line by synthesizing new biodegradable surfactants from lignocellulosic platform molecules such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.…”

Seleção, caracterização e aplicação de novos biossurfatantes produzidos por bactérias marinhas a partir de substratos de baixo custo

“…Assim, a utilização de substratos alternativos de baixo-custo aparece como interessante estratégia para viabilizar a produção de BS em larga escala. Inúmeros BS tem sido produzidos a partir de substratos agroindustriais, dentre eles: óleos vegetais, resíduos de óleos de cozinha, resíduos de destilaria de óleos, resíduos da indústria de laticínios, melaço de cana-de-açúcar, manipueira e glicerina (FOLEY et al, 2012).…”

“…Atualmente a aplicação comercial dos BS é limitada devido baixa competitividade econômica frente aos surfatantes sintéticos (FOLEY et al, 2012 Glicerol B. subtilis fengicina (DE FARIA et al, 2011) Glicerol P. aeruginosa ramnolipídeo (SAIKIA et al, 2012) Efluente da produção (GOMAA, 2012) Bagaço da Uva Actobacillus pentosus lipopeptídeo (RIVERA et al, 2007) Efluentes de cervejaria B. mycoides lipopeptídeo (NAJAFI et al, 2011) Melaço e manipueira B. subtilis surfactina (NITSCHKE, FERRAZ e PASTORE, 2004) Suco de caju B. subtilis surfactina (FREITAS DE OLIVEIRA et al, 2013) Resíduo de óleo de cozinha Starmerella bombicolla soforolipídeo (WADEKAR et al, 2012) Resíduos de óleo de motor Corynebacterium kutscheri glicolipídeo (THAVASI et al, 2007) 3 OBJETIVOS…”