Depsidone and xanthones from Garcinia xanthochymus with hypoglycemic activity and the mechanism of promoting glucose uptake in L6 myotubes

Xanthones from the Bark of Garcinia xanthochymus and the Mechanism of Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway

“…The anti-proliferation activity of the 26 isolated xanthones was evaluated using the MTT assay on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901, and the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, doxorubicin served as a positive control (Table 2). Compounds 7 – 26 were identified as 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-7,8-di(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone ( 7 ), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4,7,8-tri(3-methyl-2-butenyl) xanthone ( 8 ), 1,5,6-trihydroxy-7,8-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-6′,6′-dimethylpyrano (2′,3′:3,4) xanthone ( 9 ), garcinenone D ( 10 ) 1,2,5-trihydroxylxanthone ( 11 ), 2,5-dihydroxy-1-methoxy xanthone ( 12 ), 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy xanthone ( 13 ), 1,6-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy xanthone ( 14 ), 12b-hydroxy-des-D-garcigerrin ( 15 ), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone ( 16 ), 1,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone ( 17 ), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-9H-xanthen-9-one ( 18 ), garcinenone A ( 19 ), garcinexanthone B ( 20 ), 6-deoxyjacareubin ( 21 ), atroviridin( 22 ), 1,2,5,6-tretrahydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-7-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) xanthone ( 23 ), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-7-geranylxanthone ( 24 ), garcinenone E ( 25 ), and garciniadepsidone A ( 26 ) in our previous study [13], the structures of all compounds was shown in Supplementary Materials Figure S31.…”

“…Recently, our team isolated 20 xanthones from G. xanthochymus and reported the anti-diabetic activity in L6 myotubes. The anti-diabetic activity was mainly dependent on promotion of glucose uptake and activation of PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways [13]. Many studies have shown that xanthones from the bark of G. xanthochymus have cytotoxic activity, and the mechanism is unknown [3].…”

“…Here, we identified a new polyprenyl xanthone ( 1 ) and five known xanthones ( 2 – 6 ) from the bark of G. xanthochymus . We reported the anti-proliferation activities of all the 26 xanthones including 20 xanthones from this plant in our previous report [13]. That work used HepG2, A549, SGC7901, and MCF-7 cells.…”

Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana

“…The observed results, showing the presence in both fruits and leaves of flavonoids, biflavonoids, catechins, xanthones, and others, corroborate the importance of phenolic compounds as promising active components. For several of the compounds found in the extracts of fruits and leaves, studies have attributed the following bioactive potentials: Antioxidant [33][34][35], antiproliferative, and apoptotic [36,37].…”

The Exploration of Natural Compounds for Anti-Diabetes from Distinctive Species Garcinia linii with Comprehensive Review of the Garcinia Family

“…Interestingly, previous studies have reported that the extracts from the bark, seeds, fruits, peels, leaves, and stems of G. mangostana, G. xanthochymus , and G. cambogia are used to treat adipogenesis, inflammation, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Furthermore, these extracts could also trigger the myotubes and skeletal cells to absorb glucose and to balance blood glucose levels [20,22,23,24,25,26]. Remarkably, numerous studies have indicated that the Garcinia species, e.g., G. cambogia [10], G. xanthochymus [11], G. kola [12], G. mangostana [13,14], G. pedunculata [15], and G. prainiana [16] contain plenty of biflavonoids and phenolic compounds.…”