Depressive symptoms, life satisfaction and prevalence of sleep disturbances in the general population of Germany: results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study

Abstract

ObjectivesIt appears that not only depression, but also low life satisfaction (LS), is related to sleep disorder in the general population. We evaluate whether the prevalence of sleep disorder attributable to depressed mood is greater among participants with low LS.Setting, participants and outcome measuresAnalysis of cross-sectional data from 3880 cohort members from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (2006–2008) aged 51–81 years. Standard mood (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) for Depressive symptoms and a single-item life satisfaction measure) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) measures were conducted as part of the survey. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing data in outcome, exposures or covariates. Relative excess risk for interaction (RERI) and its 95% CIs were estimated using adjusted prevalence ORs. Owing to the study size, the precision of the measures of additive interaction is relatively low.ResultsWe observed an association between depressed mood (5-units increase in CES-D score) (POR=1.7 (95% CI 1.6 to 1.8)) and sleep disorder, and between low LS (not very satisfied vs very satisfied) (POR=1.5 (1.1 to 2.2)) and sleep disorder. Also, we observed a synergistic effect between lower level of LS (not very satisfied) and depressed mood (score ≥16) on prevalence of sleep disorders (RERI=3.7 (−0.2 to 7.1)). Furthermore, these findings were corroborated in sensitivity analysis carried out with the complete case data set and in sex-specific analyses (RERI=5.5 (−0.4 to 11.3), and RERI=2.4 (−2.5 to 7.4) for men and women, respectively).ConclusionsBoth depressed mood and LS are notably associated with sleep quality, and these relationships are best captured by considering their joint effects. Depression and LS need to be taken into consideration when analysing sleep quality.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD) without depressed mood in Koreans with MDD: results from the CRESCEND study

“…Furthermore, we found that patients without depressed mood had lower severity of depression (especially of core symptoms), insomnia, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and a higher level of social functioning than those with depressed mood. Partly consistent with our findings, a strong association between depressed mood and sleep disturbance was seen in the general population of Germany [3]. Hence, our findings lead us to speculate that absence of depressed mood in MDD is associated with a lower illness burden.…”

“…In addition, a strong association has been reported between depressed mood and MDD, and evidence has been presented that low socioeconomic status and social isolation contribute to depressed mood [2]. Also, an association between depressed mood and sleep disturbance has been reported based on a cohort of 3880 patients in Germany [3]. Moreover, depressed mood has been proposed as an independent risk factor for 22-month mortality in physically ill patients [4].…”

Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Efficiency Sequentially Mediate Racial Differences in Temporal Summation of Mechanical Pain

“…However, such an increase in total sleep time is not necessarily suggestive of better or more efficient sleep. Indeed, depressive symptoms such as fatigue, anhedonia, and physical inactivity may lead to more time spent sleeping throughout the night and day (61), but less time obtaining efficient, restful, and uninterrupted sleep (18). …”

“…In a non-clinical sample, depressive symptoms were shown to be strongly linked to poor sleep quality (18). In clinical samples, difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep has been reported in about three-quarters of depressed patients (19–21).…”

Qualidade e duração de sono entre usuários da rede pública de saúde

“…For sample calculation, it was considered the population of 67 thousand inhabitants in the municipality of the investigation within the chosen age range, according to the inclusion criteria, the anticipated prevalence of poor sleep quality of 38%, (13) the statistical power of 80% (β=20%), the significance level of 5% (α=0.05) and the design effect of 3.0, 10% increase for possible losses and totaling a probabilistic sample of 777 individuals. Patients aged ≥18 years of age, of both genders, living in the municipality, local public health system users, and without previous medical diagnosis of sleep disorder were included.…”