Depressive Symptoms and Tobacco Use: Does Religious Orientation Play a Protective Role?

Abstract

Many studies have established an association between depression and smoking. The main objective of this study was to determine whether religious orientation moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and tobacco use. This study utilized a cross-sectional data collection strategy to examine the relationship among depressive symptoms, religious orientation, and tobacco use among undergraduate students (N = 349) at a midsize southeastern university. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Extrinsic/Intrinsic Religious Orientation Scale-Revised and the Drinking and Drug Habits Questionnaire. Analyses using hierarchical linear regression indicate a significant interaction effect (depressive symptoms × extrinsic religious orientation) on tobacco use. Additional moderation analyses reveal a significant interaction effect between depressive symptoms and the extrinsic-personal religious orientation on tobacco use. Results suggest that having an extrinsic religious orientation, and specifically, the extrinsic-personal subtype, can protect against the effects of depressive symptoms. In this regard, individuals who turn to religion for solace or comfort may be less likely to engage in tobacco use when experiencing depressive symptoms. Limitations, future directions, and implications are discussed.

The impact of diagnosis and religious orientation on mental illness stigma.

“…This is somewhat in contrast with previous findings from studies that established the differentiation of extrinsic religiosity into two separate subscales (personal and social); these studies generally found few significant correlations between the three subscales (Maltby, 2002; Tiliopoulos et al, 2007). However, these studies did not include nonreligious participants, and more recent work involving religious orientation (that included nonreligious participants) has found significant positive correlations between all three orientations (e.g., Osborne, Milojev, & Sibley, 2016; Parenteau, 2018; Parenteau, Waters, Cox, Patterson, & Carr, 2017).…”

“…included nonreligious participants) has found significant positive correlations between all three orientations (e.g., Osborne, Milojev, & Sibley, 2016;Parenteau, 2018;Parenteau, Waters, Cox, Patterson, & Carr, 2017).…”

Investigation of the Intermediate Role of Ethnocentrism in the Effect of Religious Ori̇entati̇on on Brand Preference: An Examination in the Food and Insurance Sectors

“…Ayrıca bu kişiler dini ilkeleri tamamen takip etmeye ve dini içselleştirmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bireyin dini ihtiyaçları dışındaki diğer ihtiyaçları ne kadar güçlü olursa olsun, daha az önemli görülmekte ve bu ihtiyaçlar mümkün olduğu kadar dini inançlar ve emirlerle uyumlu hale getirilmektedirler (Allport & Ross, 1967: 434;Hichy vd., 2020: 2;Parenteau, 2018Parenteau, : 1213Francis vd., 2016: 2).…”

“…Bu yönelime sahip kişiler, dini kendi amaçlarına ulaşmak için kullanmaya eğilimlidirler ve gizli güdüler tarafından yönlendirilmektedirler. Bu bireyler, sadece nihai çıkarlarına hizmet ettiği ve diğer ihtiyaçlarına uyum sağladığı sürece dine mensup olmaktadırlar (Allport & Ross, 1967: 434;Hichy vd., 2020: 2;Parenteau, 2018Parenteau, : 1213Francis vd., 2016: 2) hedeflerini gerçekleştirmek için dini araç haline getirmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir (Allport & Ross, 1967: 434;Ercan, 2009: 20;Harlak & Eskin, 2018: 25;Kandemir, 2021: 231).…”