Depressive Symptoms After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: Depression is common in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the community, younger women are uniquely prone to depression. Whether younger women are also more likely to have depression during hospitalization with AMI is unknown.Results: Younger (Յ60 years) patients had higher mean PHQ scores than older patients (6.4 vs 5.0; PϽ.001) and women had higher mean PHQ scores than men (6.8 vs 5.2; PϽ.001). When stratified by both age and sex, younger women had the highest PHQ scores (8.2; PϽ.001 for the sex-age interaction). The prevalence of depression was 40% in women 60 years or younger, 21% in women older than 60, 22% in men 60 or younger, and 15% in men older than 60. In a logistic model adjusted for study center, race, medical history, and coronary heart disease risk factors, the odds of depression for women 60 years or younger were significantly higher than for the other sex-age groups and were 3.1 times higher than the reference group of men older than 60 years. Conclusions:The prevalence of depression is high in younger women with AMI. Because depression after AMI has been associated with adverse outcomes, younger women, a high-risk group compared with men, may particularly benefit from aggressive screening and treatment of post-AMI depression.

Presentation, Clinical Profile, and Prognosis of Young Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): Results From the VIRGO Study

“…Validated standardized instruments were used to assess psychosocial and health status. These included (1) depression using the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), with higher scores indicating increasing severity (range 0–27)19, 20, 21, 22; (2) perceived stress using the 14‐item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), with higher scores indicating higher stress levels (range 0–40)23, 24; and (3) health status outcomes (patients’ physical limitations, angina frequency, and quality of life related to angina) using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ; scores ranging from 0 to 100), with higher scores indicating better health status 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. In addition, detailed review of medical charts was conducted to better characterize the AMI phenotypes.…”

Brief Depression Screening with the PHQ-2 Associated with Prognosis Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Paclitaxel-Eluting Stenting

“…Both measures are feasible to use as screening instruments in clinical practice due to their brevity [13][14][15] . In patients with CAD and chronic heart failure (CHF), the PHQ-2 has been used in research on clinical depression, quality of life and heart rate variability 6,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] , but its prognostic value is as yet to be determined in cardiac patients. By contrast, two studies have investigated the prognostic value of the PHQ-9.…”

Clinical Impact of Subsequent Depression in Patients With a New Diagnosis of Stable Angina

“…In general, women are more likely to suffer depression than men, 3 and we found this to be true for patients with stable chronic angina. Various plausible biological and environmental mechanisms have been studied, including the role of sex hormones and women's social roles, to explain this sex disparity, but to date none have been conclusive.…”

“…After myocardial infarction (MI), the incidence of depression has been estimated to range between 10% and 40%, [1][2][3] and similar rates have been reported after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). [4][5][6] Studies that have examined the impact of depression in patients who have experienced an MI have consistently found that it is associated with adverse outcomes.…”