Depressive Expression and Anti-Depressive Protection in Adolescence: Stress, Positive Affect, Motivation and Self-Efficacy

Lindahl, Mattias; Archer, Trevor

doi:10.4236/psych.2013.46070

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Lindahl and Archer (2013) suggests that stress could be a source of vulnerability since stress may be impelled by negative affect (Denollet & De Vries 2006) especially as negative affect may present a genetic attribute (Trzaskowski, Zavos, Haworth, Plomin, & Eley, 2012). In the present study, negative affect was found to be the main predisposing factor for Type A personality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Negative affect is not only a predisposition for Type A personality and depressive mood but also for stress during academic examinations. Indeed, negative affect is a predisposing factor for both stress reactions, helplessness (Lindahl & Archer, 2013), and in this study, Type A personality making the female participants more vulnerable at risk for health and behavioral problems since the females expressed more negative affect, stress and Type A-personality than the male participants. Moreover, the promotion of positive emotions among youth in schools might be used as a protective factor against maladaptive behavioral patterns and ill-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, which consisted of three relatively young populations (Study I, mean age = 23.61 years; Study II, mean age = 18.66 years; Study III, mean age =18.45 years), several gender differences emerged that, taken together, provide several to consider in terms of the health status of young women: (i) in all three studies, the female participants expressed more NA, stress and Type A-personality than the male participants, (ii) these increases in negative affect, stress and Type A-personality are associated with the Self-destructive and High affective profile type, which in turn are linked in general with disadvantageous aspects of both psychological and somatic health (Andersson-Arntén et al, 2008;Karlsson & Archer, 2007;Palomo et al, 2004), (iii) high levels of NA and/or stress are linked with poor outcome and deleterious health (Lindahl & Archer, 2013;Bood et al, 2004;Denollet, 2000;Van Yperen, 2003;Watson, 1988;Watson & Pennebaker, 1989), (iv) the established links between stress and Type A-personality with illhealth markers such as sympathetic nervous system arousal, cardiovascular disease and immune system system suppression (e.g. Contrada, Wright, & Glass, 1985;Dienstbier, 1989;Mayes, Sime, & Ganster, 1984;Pittner, Houston & Spiridigliozzi, 1983), and (v) the potential risks for self-destructive behavior, such as alcohol/substance use (Bonin, McCreary, & Sadava, 2000;Park & Grant, 2005) and/or suicidal behavior (Canetto, 1997;Linehan, 1973) relating to gender, negative affect and mood state.…”

Section: International Journal Of Research Studies In Psychology 59mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affective state, stress, and Type A-personality as a function of gender and affective profiles

Schütz¹,

Garcia²,

Archer³

2013

IJRSP

Self Cite

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Three studies were performed to examine positive and negative affect, stress and energy, and Type-A personality as a function of Gender and Affective profiles. In Study I, 304 university students (152 male and 152 female), in Study II, 142 pupils at upper secondary school (95 male and 47 female) and in Study III, 166 pupils at upper secondary school (84 male and 82 female) completed self-report questionnaires pertaining to Positive affect and Negative affect Scales (PANAS), stress and energy (SE), the Type A-personality scale and a Background and Health questionnaire. The results indicated gender effects by which female participants expressed a higher level of negative affect, stress and Type A-personality were found in all three studies, as well as for energy in Study I. There were marked effects of Affective profiles upon stress, energy and Type A-personality in all three studies. Regression analysis indicated that Type A-personality could be predicted from a high level of Negative Affect (Study I, II and III) as well as from high levels of stress (Study I and II). All three studies indicate a link between negative affectivity, stress and Type A-personality with consequences for the maladaptive behavioral patterns implying health hazards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: International Journal Of Research Studies In Psychology 59mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Affective state, stress, and Type A-personality as a function of gender and affective profiles

Schütz¹,

Garcia²,

Archer³

2013

IJRSP

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“…The 10-item negative affect scale includes adjectives such as afraid, ashamed, and nervous. In their study [30], reported a Cronbach's alpha of .88 for the positive affect scale and .83 for the negative affect scale. In the present study the scales had similar internal reliability (.93 for positive affect and .91 for negative affect).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Negative affect has also been associated with pessimism [29]. Negative affect predicted stress, which in turn predicted general and situational depressiveness [30]. In this context, [24], suggest that positive affect is a dimension that varies from pleasant engagement (e.g., enthusiastic and active) to unpleasant disengagement (e.g., sad and bored), while the negative affect dimension moves from unpleasant engagement (e.g., angry and fearful) to pleasant disengagement (e.g., calm and serene).…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Well-Being in Anorexia Nervosa: Negative Affect, Sleeping Problems, Use of Mood-enhancing Drugs and Exercise Frequency

Archer¹

2015

Arch Depress Anxiety

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The purpose of this study was to ascertain emotional well-being among patients presenting ninety anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy age-matched controls using the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule and the Emotional Well-Being Scale together with background health information. The results indicated that AN patients displayed higher levels of negative affect and negative emotions, more stress and depression, greater sleeping problems, pain, and use of analgesics and mood-enhancing drugs, as well as lower levels of positive affect and positive emotions, compared to the age-matched healthy controls. Despite their negative self-report, on the variables pertaining to affect, sleep and pain, the AN patients reported a higher frequency of physical exercise. Regression analysis indicated that the AN condition, from diagnosis, was predicted from negative affect, sleeping problems, use of moodenhancing drugs and exercise frequency. Hence, suggesting that excessive exercise together with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, additive behaviors and sleep problems represent AN from a perspective of multiple comorbidities.compared with healthy volunteers, assessed on Estonian versions of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, positive affect and negative affect (measured by the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule), and Neuroticism made the largest contribution to Eating Disorder-2 subscales, with Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness (measured by the NEO Personality Inventory), predisposing individuals to eating problems [5]. It has been shown also that patients with AN inhibit expressions of both positive and negative emotions, even after controlling for neuroticism, with higher levels of hostility and neuroticism; they were less aware of their inner thoughts and feelings, "private self-consciousness", and had a heightened awareness of the thoughts and expectations of others, "public selfconsciousness", [6]. Patients presenting eating disorders often report alexithymia, an inability to identify and describe their emotions and affective status [7,8]. They show a paucity of words expressing feelings and demonstrate difficulties in identifying and distinguishing feeling of physical sensations. Alexithymia and personal distress seem to predict the vulnerability features of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) with higher levels of personal distress in the latter linked to poor selfregulation and emotional awareness [9].There is a high comorbidity between AN and anxiety and/or alexithymia disorders [10], moreover, AN patients display certain features similar to those abusing substances/exercise, through a 'narrowed' behavioral repertoire such that weight loss, food intake restriction, and excessive exercise interfere with other activities in a similar fashion to substance/exercise abuse [11]. Further, comorbidity between AN, anxiety, depression and psychoactive substance use has been described [12]. It is likely that the disorder elevates anxiety, depression with stress presenting a predisposing factor to poorer ...

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Positive affect, negative affect, and psychological resilience mediate the effect of self‐compassion on mental toughness: A serial mediation analysis

Eryılmaz¹,

KURTULUŞ²,

Doenyas³

2023

Psychology in the Schools

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Following the positive youth development perspective that emphasizes the importance of focusing on the positive assets of youth to be developed, this study examined the variables related with mental toughness, a trainable skill that is associated with psychological and academic well‐being outcomes, in preadolescent youth. The effect of self‐compassion on the mental toughness of preadolescents and the serial mediating effect of positive/negative affect and psychological resilience was explored for the first time in the literature to the best of our knowledge, via the causal‐comparative model. The study group consisted of a total of 263 preadolescents (ages 10–13). The results show that self‐compassion increases positive affect and this increases the mental toughness of preadolescents. As negative affect is negatively associated with mental toughness, by decreasing negative affect, self‐compassion positively influences mental toughness. Alternately, self‐compassion increases resilience, which in turn increases mental toughness. The findings of this study indicate that positive/negative affect and resilience play a serial mediating role in the relationship between self‐compassion and mental toughness. These relationships highlight the components to be included in interventions directed toward adolescents to improve the trainable skill of mental toughness, which can then lead to positive well‐being outcomes concurrently and through adulthood.

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Depressive Expression and Anti-Depressive Protection in Adolescence: Stress, Positive Affect, Motivation and Self-Efficacy

Cited by 39 publications

References 83 publications

Affective state, stress, and Type A-personality as a function of gender and affective profiles

Affective state, stress, and Type A-personality as a function of gender and affective profiles

Emotional Well-Being in Anorexia Nervosa: Negative Affect, Sleeping Problems, Use of Mood-enhancing Drugs and Exercise Frequency

Positive affect, negative affect, and psychological resilience mediate the effect of self‐compassion on mental toughness: A serial mediation analysis

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