Depressive, Anxiety, and Burnout Symptoms on Health Care Personnel at a Month After COVID-19 Outbreak in Indonesia: A Documentary Research Using Rasch Model Analysis

Abstract

Background: Health personnel who demonstrated close contact with patients with COVID-19, might experience a higher risk of infection and psychological problems. This study aims to explore depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms among health care personnel with a higher risk for psychological trauma.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from an online assessment, which was conducted one month after the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 544 respondents from 21 provinces in Indonesia were included. Data on depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms were transformed using the Rasch model. Data from health professionals in the higher risk group and the lower risk group were analyzed.Results: A higher percentage of health professionals experiencing depressive symptoms (22.8%), anxiety (28.1%), and burnout (26.8%) are found in the higher risk group. The chance for the higher risk group’s personnel to present with moderate and severe depressive symptoms, anxiety, and burnout are 5.3 (p < 0.05), 1.36 (p > 0.05), and 3.92 (p < 0.05) times higher, respectively. The probability for patient-induced burnout is 2.13 (p < 0.05) times higher and highest among the other burn out dimensions. The depressive symptoms complained were similar between groups: loneliness, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and inability to initiate activities. Loneliness demonstrates the highest logit value among the symptoms.Conclusions: Health professionals with direct contact and responsibility to treat COVID-19 patients exhibit a higher risk to experience depressive symptoms and burnout. Communication with peers and staying in contact with family needs to be encouraged. Physiological well-being should be considered for high-risk health personnel. Incentive or insurance guaranteed by the government or institution is essential as a reward and compensation during this period.

Determinants of Mental Health and Practice Behaviors of General Practitioners During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bali, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study

“…Closer reading of included studies in previous systematic reviews showed that earlier studies, with data collected earlier in the pandemic, reported higher prevalence of mental health problems. 6,19 Meanwhile, previous studies in Indonesia were conducted in Java 21,22 and Borneo 20 which experienced a heavier burden of COVID-19 cases during the time of their respective surveys compared to that experienced in Bali during the course of ours. These studies also use nonprobability online-survey-based data collection method which imply comparability with our results.…”

“…The only two included studies utilizing DASS-21 reported widely different prevalence of depression and anxiety, ranging from 8.9% to 55.9% for depression and 14.5% to 67.5% for anxiety. 6,19 Similar studies from Indonesia, which generally included all health-care workers, reported prevalence of depression ranging from 22.8% to 52.1% 20,21 while reported prevalence of anxiety ranged from 28.1% to 57.6%. [20][21][22] No studies reported prevalence of stress.…”

“…6,19 Similar studies from Indonesia, which generally included all health-care workers, reported prevalence of depression ranging from 22.8% to 52.1% 20,21 while reported prevalence of anxiety ranged from 28.1% to 57.6%. [20][21][22] No studies reported prevalence of stress. However, some studies reported prevalence of burnout (26.8%) 21 and insomniac symptoms (47.9%).…”

“…[20][21][22] No studies reported prevalence of stress. However, some studies reported prevalence of burnout (26.8%) 21 and insomniac symptoms (47.9%). 20 All reported prevalence was higher than our findings.…”

Willingness to volunteer and readiness to practice of undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesia

“…The current Indonesian health system is struggling to keep up with the perpetual COVID-19 case surges as recurrent shortage of medical supplies had been reported [ 2 ]. Furthermore, this was aggravated by the alarming rate of mental breakdown and death tolls among healthcare workers (HCWs) [ 3 ], thus raising concerns on the possibilities of medical staff shortages [ 2 ], in which the question remains whether to involve medical students as relief aids during this ongoing crisis or not [ 4 ].…”