Depression, Stress and Anxiety among Residents of Nepal during COVID-19 Lockdown

Basnet, Sandhya; Bhandari, Bhawana; Gaire, Bipula; Sharma, Pujan; Shrestha, Rajendra

doi:10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38423

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similarly there is no association between age (p=0.547; OR=0.862; CI=0.531-1.399); ethnicity (p=0.087; OR=0.699; CI=0.463--1.054); religion (p=0.964; OR=0.1.022; CI=0.397-2.633) ; types of family (p=0.858; OR=0.962; CI=0.630-1.470); marital status (p=0.258; OR=2.595; CI=0.497-13.540); social network (p=0.559; OR=1.020; CI=0.956-1.088) and co-morbidities whereas contradict nding suggested that there was statistically signi cant difference between depression and age (p=0.016), depression and sex (p=0.023). Also, there was a signi cant difference between stress and age (p=0.023), sex (p=0.0263) and education level (p=0.049) [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Female Community Health Volunteers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Province 1, Nepal

Basnet

Silwal

2022

Preprint

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Introduction Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) are an integral part of various community-based health programs visiting households and communities to screen for diseases, risk factors and educate on basic health issues. A profound and wide range of psychological health issues (anxiety, stress, and depression) at the individual, community, and international levels has been reported during the COVID-19 outbreaks. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study design was used to assess the anxiety, depression, and stress level among rural and urban FCHVs during the COVID-19 in Province 1. A multistage random sampling technique was be used the select the sample. The total sample size was 384. Semi-structured structured valid Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used for measuring the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress level of FCHVs. Descriptive analysis i.e. frequency, percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation was used to assess the level of anxiety, depression, and stress among adults. Inferential analysis i.e. logistic regression was used to find the association between dependent and selected demographic variables. Findings The study revealed that the prevalence of extremely severe levels of anxiety was 35.5% of the Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) 23.4% of moderate level of stress and 21.6% of respondents were a severe level of depression respectively. There is significant association between level anxiety and ethnicity (p = 0.040; OR = 1.562; CI = 1.021–2.390), occupation (p = 0.013; OR = 3.861; CI = 1.325–11.249) and place of residence (p ≤ 0.001; OR = 1.959; CI = 1.470–3.413). There is significant association between level stress and occupation (p = 0.037; OR = 3.363; CI = 1.074–10.531) place of residence (p = 0. 005; OR = 1.817; CI = 1.193–2.767). There is significant association between level depression and ethnicity, occupation (p ≤ 0.001; OR = 2.117; OR = 1.391–3.222) and place of residence (p = 0. 026; OR = 3.371; CI = 1.158–9.812). The study concluded that the female community Health Volunteers was mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe level of anxiety, stress and depression level so prompt psychiatric intervention to enhance the mental wellbeing of FCHVs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Female Community Health Volunteers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Province 1, Nepal

Basnet

Silwal

2022

Preprint

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“… NR Bhatta et al ( 2021 ) Nepalese Population; 546 Convenient Sampling 18–55 years; Mean age: 23.54 ± 5.68y CAS A ≥ 5 A: 8.1% A: Age, gender, marital status, family, residence, education, health status, COVID-19 risk zone, and sleep problem. Low to high Basnet et al ( 2021 ) Nepalese Residents; 422 Multistage Sampling 18–62 years; Mean age: 30.81 ± 9.20y DASS-21 NR A: Normal= 69%; Mild = 6.2%; Moderate= 15.2%; Severe= 3.8% & Extremely Severe= 5.9%. D: Normal= 64.9%; Mild = 13.7%; Moderate= 14.5%; Severe= 4.3% & Extremely Severe= 2.6%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of stress ranged from 10.56 to 91.77% in twelve manuscripts using instruments including the DASS-21 and PSS (Ahmed et al, 2022 ; Basnet et al, 2021 ; Dawa et al, 2021 ; Faruk et al, 2021 ; Grover et al, 2020 ; Hazarika et al, 2021 ; Islam et al, 2020b ; Lahiri et al, 2021 ; Rahman et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Riaz et al, 2021 ; Siddique et al, 2021 ). The pooled prevalence of mild to extremely severe stress was 50.30%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of mild to severe anxiety ranged from 8.1 to 62.5% (Ahmed et al, 2022 ; Balkhi et al, 2020 ; Basnet et al, 2021 ; Bhatta et al, 2021 ; Das et al, 2021 ; Dawa et al, 2021 ; Faruk et al, 2021 ; Gaur et al, 2020 ; Grover et al, 2020 ; Hazarika et al, 2021 ; Hossain et al, 2021a ; Islam et al, 2020a ; Rahman et al, 2021 , 2021 ; Riaz et al, 2021 ; Siddique et al, 2021 ). The lowest reported prevalence (8.1%) was detected under a low-to-high threshold model, and women had a higher prevalence and more anxiety-related symptomatology (Bhatta et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of common mental health problems in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted people’s lives, neurobiological health, and general well-being throughout the world. South Asian countries have experienced high frequencies of psychiatric concerns that have worsened during the pandemic. This review aimed to determine the aggregated prevalence of common mental health problems (e.g., depression, fear, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal tendencies) and their associated factors among community populations in South Asian countries. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was undertaken using multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Global Health, Google Scholar and ResearchGate to retrieve articles. Overall, 22 articles were included. The prevalence of concerns ranged widely with respect to estimates of symptoms of depression (10.2–85.9%), fear (38.5–88.8%), anxiety (8.1–62.5%), stress (10.56–91.77%), and insomnia (13.32–53.45%). In addition, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was estimated to range between 5% and 8%. Factors associated with mental health concerns included socio-demographic, behavioral and health-related measures, and COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors. The findings suggest poor mental health among general populations in South Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, identifying individuals with mental health concerns and implementing interventions including mental health counseling appear warranted among these populations.

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“…Another study reported that 53.2% of former child soldiers achieved the cut-o score for PTSD. The clinical prevalence of anxiety disorders has been reported as 18.8 to 24.4%, in different clinical samples of children and adolescents [25].…”

Section: Major Earthquake and Mental Health In Nepalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Prevalence and Management of the Panic Disorder in Nepal

Gurung¹

2023

The Psychology of Panic

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Although panic attacks are not life-threatening, they can be terrifying and have a substantial impact on your quality of life. Treatment, on the other hand, can be quite effective. Little attention is paid to mental health in Nepal. There is no mental health law and the National Mental Health Policy formulated in 1997 has yet to come into full effect. Unspecified anxiety disorder (15.7%), adjustment disorder (13.9%), and post-traumatic stress disorder were the most frequently diagnosed conditions (8.3%). In 2018, the KCH CAP (OPD) cared for 2477 children, of whom 1529 were men and 948 were women. The most common diagnoses were anxiety disorder (524). Children ranging in age from 6 to 18 years old took part in the study. Nepal has one general hospital dedicated to mental illness and four private mental hospitals. Inpatient mental health care is provided primarily by 19 medical schools, 36 private−public hospitals, and many 27 public hospitals. The counseling situation in Nepal is largely poor. Advanced psychotherapy is provided by 35 clinical psychologists who are licensed practitioners in Nepal. In a 2018 research with 2477 individuals, 524 incidences of anxiety disorders were identified. Supervised counseling and psychotherapy practice is a relatively new concept in Nepal.

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Depression, Stress and Anxiety among Residents of Nepal during COVID-19 Lockdown

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Female Community Health Volunteers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Province 1, Nepal

Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Female Community Health Volunteers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Province 1, Nepal

A review of common mental health problems in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia

Perspective Chapter: Prevalence and Management of the Panic Disorder in Nepal

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