“…Acute and chronic stressors (and in particular interpersonal difficulties) are predictive of suicidal behavior (Bryan, Clemans, Leeson, & Rudd, 2015;Foster, 2011;Zhang, Jia, Zhang, Wang, & Liu, 2015). Unfortunately, individuals exposed to ACE are more likely to experience subsequent negative life events.…”
ACEs have persistent and multifaceted effects on suicidality in late life. This association is due to multi-varied pathways. It is believed that the explanatory framework developed herein--in which biological, psychological and behavioral factors are organized, and the role of late-life stressors is highlighted--will spark further scientific inquiry into this important area.
“…Acute and chronic stressors (and in particular interpersonal difficulties) are predictive of suicidal behavior (Bryan, Clemans, Leeson, & Rudd, 2015;Foster, 2011;Zhang, Jia, Zhang, Wang, & Liu, 2015). Unfortunately, individuals exposed to ACE are more likely to experience subsequent negative life events.…”
ACEs have persistent and multifaceted effects on suicidality in late life. This association is due to multi-varied pathways. It is believed that the explanatory framework developed herein--in which biological, psychological and behavioral factors are organized, and the role of late-life stressors is highlighted--will spark further scientific inquiry into this important area.
“…For instance, one possible explanation of the sleep/suicide relationship is that sleep operates indirectly to increase suicide risk, because sleep problems increase the likelihood of depression (Baglioni et al, 2011) and depression, in turn, increases the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours (Harris & Barraclough, 1997). Findings from studies examining the interrelations between depression, sleep problems and suicidality are mixed, with divergent patterns of results emerging from studies examining insomnia (Bryan et al, 2015, Nadorff et al, 2014, Nadorff et al, 2013, Ribeiro et al, 2012). However, research examining nightmares has consistently shown an association between nightmares and suicidal thoughts and behaviours, independent of the effects of depression (Pigeon et al, 2012).…”
We sought to conduct the first systematic review of empirical evidence investigating the role of psychological factors in the relationship between sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Twelve studies were identified which examined psychological factors grouped into four categories of cognitive appraisals, psychosocial factors, emotion regulation strategies, and risk behaviours. Although there was substantial heterogeneity across studies with respect to measurement, sampling, and analysis, preliminary evidence indicated that negative cognitive appraisals, perceived social isolation, and unhelpful emotion regulation strategies may contribute to the association between sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Given that findings in this area are currently restricted to studies with cross-sectional designs, the directionality of the interrelationships between these psychological factors, sleep problems and suicidality, remains unclear. We integrate the findings of our review with contemporary psychological models of suicidal behaviour to develop a clear research agenda. Identified pathways should now be tested with longitudinal and experimental designs. In addition, a more thorough investigation of the complexities of sleep, psychological factors, and suicidal thoughts and behaviours is crucial for the development of targeted psychological interventions.
“…There is a significant comorbidity between substance abuse involving stimulants and sleep disorders. Sleep is essential for psychological and physical wellbeing (Tufik et al, 2009) and disrupted sleep has been associated with reduced cognitive function (Qureshi et al, 2014), increased risk of depression (Zhai et al, 2015) and risk of suicide in depressed patients (Bryan et al, 2015), dysregulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis (Castro-Diehl et al, 2015), and increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (Troxel et al, 2010), obesity (Buxton and Marcelli, 2010), and heart disease (Grandner et al, 2012;Appelhans et al, 2013).…”
Sleep disorders and substance abuse are highly comorbid and we have previously shown that methamphetamine self-administration significantly disrupts activity-based sleep parameters in rhesus monkeys. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the effectiveness of any pharmacological intervention to attenuate the effects of methamphetamine on nighttime activity under well-controlled conditions in laboratory animals. Thus, we examined the effects of a 5-HT receptor agonist, WAY163909, and a 5-HT receptor antagonist, M100907, given alone and in combination, on actigraphy-based sleep parameters disrupted by methamphetamine self-administration in non-human primates. Adult male/female rhesus monkeys self-administered methamphetamine (0.03 mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a fixed-ratio 20 schedule of reinforcement (60-min sessions once a day, 5 days per week). Nighttime activity was evaluated using Actiwatch monitors. WAY163909 (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg), M100907 (0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg), and a combination (0.1 mg/kg M100+0.3 mg/kg WAY) were administered i.m. before lights-out. Each dose was given for five consecutive days during which self-administration took place in the morning. Both drugs improved activity-based sleep measures disrupted by methamphetamine by decreasing sleep latency and increasing sleep efficiency compared with vehicle. By combining these drugs, their individual effects were significantly enhanced. Agonists at the 5-HT receptor and antagonists at the 5-HT receptor show promise as potential treatments for the sleep-disrupting effects of stimulants when used alone and in combination. Combining subthreshold doses of WAY and M100 produced significant improvements in nighttime activity measures while avoiding the general motor-decreasing effects of the high dose of WAY.
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