Depression in Schizophrenia: Methodological Artifact or Distinct Feature of the Illness?

Chemerinski, Erán; Bowie, Christopher R.; Anderson, Hannah; Harvey, Philip D.

doi:10.1176/jnp.2008.20.4.431

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These subjects had an average duration of illness of 9.9 Ϯ 8.6 years, had an average of 10 episodes, and had received one or a combination of mood stabilizers and/or antidepressants. MDD patients were selected because of the conceptual overlap between depression and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia (15,16). The MDD subjects had an average duration of illness of 14.0 Ϯ 12.0 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Cheng

Guest

et al. 2010

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The search for biomarkers to diagnose psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia has been underway for decades. Many molecular profiling studies in this field have focused on identifying individual marker signals that show significant differences in expression between patients and the normal population. However, signals for multiple analyte combinations that exhibit patterned behaviors have been less exploited. Here, we present a novel approach for identifying biomarkers of schizophrenia using expression of serum analytes from first onset, drug-naïve patients and normal controls. The strength of patterned signals was amplified by analyzing data in reproducing kernel spaces. This resulted in the identification of small sets of analytes referred to as targeted clusters that have discriminative power specifically for schizophrenia in both human and rat models. These clusters were associated with specific molecular signaling pathways and less strongly related to other neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. These results shed new light concerning how complex neuropsychiatric diseases behave at the pathway level and demonstrate the power of this approach in identification of disease-specific biomarkers and potential novel therapeutic strategies. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9: 510 -522, 2010.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Cheng

Guest

et al. 2010

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…Furthermore, a considerable proportion of patients with schizophrenia show depressive symptoms during the course of their illness [6]. It was therefore hypothesized that depressive symptoms are an essential part of schizophrenia [2,7,8]. The reported prevalence of comorbidity of depression among schizophrenic patients is 7-75%, with a modal rate of 25% [2,6,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was therefore hypothesized that depressive symptoms are an essential part of schizophrenia [2,7,8]. The reported prevalence of comorbidity of depression among schizophrenic patients is 7-75%, with a modal rate of 25% [2,6,8,9]. Nonetheless, it is important to note that such depressive symptoms may be secondary to other comorbid medical disorders, neuroleptics side effects, or a psychological reaction to the illness [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, it is important to note that such depressive symptoms may be secondary to other comorbid medical disorders, neuroleptics side effects, or a psychological reaction to the illness [5,6]. From a clinical perspective, depression may be a prodromal of a psychotic relapse or a postpsychotic episode [7,8]. Several studies [2,9,10] have explored the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the long-term treatment of schizophrenic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of depression in schizophrenic patients evaluated by the Calgary Depression Scale in Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya

El-Bahy¹,

Mohamed²

2013

Middle East Current Psychiatry

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BackgroundPsychiatric comorbidities are communal among patients with schizophrenia. A significant percentage of patients with schizophrenia show depressive symptoms during the development of their illness. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) in a sample of Egyptian patients (Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya) with schizophrenia and without a diagnosis of depression. ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, we included outpatients from Menoufiya University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom Educational Hospital, 20-50 years old, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder that had not been diagnosed with depression. MethodologyWe administered the CDSS and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to the schizophrenia patient sample. Also, schizophrenia patients were studied according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. criteria. ResultsA total of 120 patients were recruited and included in the statistical analysis (72 men and 48 women). Sixty-three patients had a total score of 5 or more points on the CDSS, making the prevalence of depression 30%. The prevalence of depression in men (n = 24) was 33% versus 25% in women (n = 12). There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of the prevalence of depression. The CDSS had a higher correlation with the depressive factor of the PANSS and a moderate correlation with the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS. Nonetheless, the correlation of the CDSS total score with the PANSS-negative was low. There was no correlation between depressive symptoms and positive symptoms. ConclusionOur results suggest that patients with schizophrenia who have not been diagnosed with depression frequently have clinically symptoms of depression, with the possible exception of a contribution from negative symptoms. CDSS is a more specific instrument to measure depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.

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“…Depression has been identified as an independent dimension of schizophrenia (Marengo, Harrow, Herbener & Sands, 2000), and severe, respectively moderate, depressive symptoms are prevalent in chronic EOS patients (Fleischhaker et al, 2005;Remschmidt et al, 2007). Studies of adult and older patients with schizophrenia report no significant associations between the severity of depressive symptoms and that of impairments in verbal memory, visual memory, speed of information processing, attention, executive functions, visuospatial ability, or a composite cognitive score (Bozikas, Kosmidis, Kioperlidou & Karavatos, 2004;Chemerinski, Bowie, Anderson & Harvey, 2008;Gladsjo, McAdams, Palmer, Moore, Jeste & Heaton, 2004). However, the severity of depressive symptoms has been found to be negatively associated with deep verbal memory encoding efficacy, that is, effortful memory processes, in schizophrenia patients (Brebion, Smith, Amador, Malaspina & Gorman, 1997;Brebion, David, Bressan & Pilowsky, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of cognitive deficits and associations with depressive symptoms and intelligence in chronic early‐onset schizophrenia patients

Jepsen

Fagerlund

Pagsberg

et al. 2013

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Cognitive deficits in several domains have been demonstrated in early-onset schizophrenia patients but their profile and relation to depressive symptoms and intelligence need further characterization. The purpose was to characterize the profile of cognitive deficits in chronic, early-onset schizophrenia patients, assess the potential associations with depressive symptom severity, and examine whether cognitive deficits within several domains reflect intelligence impairments. This study compared attention, visual-construction, aspects of visual and verbal memory, and executive functions in chronic, early-onset schizophrenia patients (mean age = 20.7 years) (N = 18) and healthy controls (N = 38). Schizophrenia diagnoses were established at the time of the patients' first clinical presentation during childhood or adolescence and were confirmed five years later. In the chronic phase of early-onset schizophrenia, significant deficits were observed in all specific cognitive functions. The profile of cognitive deficits was jagged, and visual-construction, attention, and one aspect of verbal memory (verbal stories recall) were differentially impaired. Deficits of visual recall, visual recognition, and executive functions were accounted for by deficits in intelligence, while this was not the case for deficits of verbal recall of stories or attention. No significant associations were observed between the severity of cognitive deficits and that of depressive symptoms. Chronic, early-onset schizophrenia is characterized by a broad and jagged profile of cognitive deficits. Deficits of attention and verbal recall of stories appear not to be accounted for by deficits in intelligence, and the severity of cognitive deficits seems independent from that of depressive symptoms.

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Depression in Schizophrenia: Methodological Artifact or Distinct Feature of the Illness?

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Prevalence of depression in schizophrenic patients evaluated by the Calgary Depression Scale in Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya

Profile of cognitive deficits and associations with depressive symptoms and intelligence in chronic early‐onset schizophrenia patients

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