Depression in Justice-involved Youth

Wakefield, Sarah; Baronia, Regina; Brennan, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2019.02.010

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Our findings show that participants with moderate to severe scores on the BDI (28.00%) and participants with moderate to severe scores on the BAI (34.28%) present about four times these rates, which indicates potentially concerning levels of depression and anxiety in these institutionalized juvenile offenders. Similar prevalence of depression and anxiety have also been reported in justice-involved youth in several countries (Odgers, Burnette, Chauhan, Moretti, and Reppucci, 2005;Steiner et al, 1997;Teplin et al, 2002;Teplin et al, 2012;Wakefield, Baronia, and Brennan, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Silva

Cruz

Teixeira

2021

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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Introduction One of the most serious socio-educational measures for children and adolescents in conflict with the law in Brazil is their internment. This measure may represent an additional source of stress to this population and present significant impacts in the mental health context. This study aims to describe anxiety levels, depression, and addictive consumption, as well as to estimate the causalities and interactions of these variables. Methods Herein, we report a study in which 175 male juveniles from youth detention institutions of the Federal District voluntarily completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a short self-rating questionnaire asking whether and how often they had experienced cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard” psychotropic drugs (e.g., crack, cocaine, amphetamine) 1 year prior to institutionalization. Results Of the total participants, 28.00% showed moderate to severe depression scores and 34.28% showed moderate to severe anxiety scores. In addition, the vast majority of participants also reported some antecedent drug abuse, including cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard drugs.” The BDI scores moderately correlated with BAI, but none of these parameters considerably correlated with the antecedent drug abuse. Conclusions The data indicate potentially concerning levels of emotional distress in these institutionalized juveniles which seem to be independent of addictive behaviors. These data deserve attention and further investigation. Thus, a need for preventative mental health for the general population and socio-educational intervention aimed at interned youth which can decrease levels of emotional stress is emphasized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Silva

Cruz

Teixeira

2021

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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“…Youths involved in the juvenile justice system have a substantially higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders compared with those in the general population, with 45% to 66% of males and 45% to 73% of females in the system meeting the criteria for 1 or more psychiatric disorders . Anxiety, mood, and behavioral disorders are prevalent . Substance use disorders (SUDs), which are the most common, affect up to 50% of males and 22% to 46% of females .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[10][11][12] Anxiety, mood, and behav ioral disorders are prevalent. [1][2][3][4]6,10,11,13,14 Substance use disorders (SUDs), which are the most common, affect up to 50% of males and 22% to 46% of females. 1,2,6,[10][11][12][13] Comorbid psychiatric disorders are also common 5,8,13,15 ; 34% of males and 60% of females in juvenile detention facilities have 3 or more disorders.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Continuity of Psychiatric Disorders in a 15-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths Involved in the Juvenile Justice System

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Previous studies have found that one-half to three-quarters of youths detained in juvenile justice facilities have 1 or more psychiatric disorders. Little is known about the course of their disorders as they age.OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, comorbidity, and continuity of 13 psychiatric disorders among youths detained in a juvenile justice facility during the 15 years after detention up to a median age of 31 years, with a focus on sex and racial/ethnic differences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe Northwestern Juvenile Project is a longitudinal cohort study of health needs and outcomes of 1829 randomly selected youths in a temporary juvenile detention center in Cook County, Illinois. Youths aged 10 to 18 years were interviewed in detention from November 20, 1995, through June 14, 1998. Participants were reinterviewed up to 12 times during the 15-year study period through February 2015, for a total of 16 372 interviews. The sample was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White), age (10-13 years or 14-18 years), and legal status (processed in juvenile or adult court). Data analysis was conducted from February 2014, when data preparation began, to March 2020. EXPOSURES Detention in a juvenile justice facility. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Psychiatric disorders, assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version 2.3 at the baseline interviews. Follow-up interviews were conducted using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV; the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, version IV; and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (beginning at the 6-year follow-up interview). RESULTSThe study included 1829 youths sampled at baseline (1172 males and 657 females; mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.4] years). Although prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders decreased as the 1829 participants aged, 52.3% of males and 30.9% of females had at least 1 or more psychiatric disorders 15 years postdetention. Among participants with a disorder at baseline, 64.3% of males and 34.8% of females had a disorder 15 years later. Compared with females, males had 3.37 times the odds of persisting with a psychiatric disorder 15 years after baseline (95% CI, 1.79-6.35). Compared with Black participants and Hispanic participants, non-Hispanic White participants had 1.6 times the odds of behavioral disorders (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.91 and odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23-2.05, respectively) and greater than 1.3 times the odds of substance use disorders (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.55-2.33 and odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11-1.73, respectively) throughout the follow-up period. Behavioral disorders and substance use disorders were the most prevalent 15 years after detention.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study's findings suggest that persistent psychiatric disorders may complicate the transition from adolescence to adulthood, which is already challenging for youths involved in the juvenile justice system, many of whom are from racial/et...

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“…Many of these juveniles (and their families) are in dire need of mental health services. The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) (2011) and Wakefield et al (2019) reported that between 65% and 70% of the juveniles arrested in a year have some type of mental health issue. Substance use disorders, followed by depression and anxiety, are some of the most common mental health issues for juveniles in detention centers (Abram et al , 2003; Wakefield et al , 2019; Wasserman et al , 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) (2011) and Wakefield et al (2019) reported that between 65% and 70% of the juveniles arrested in a year have some type of mental health issue. Substance use disorders, followed by depression and anxiety, are some of the most common mental health issues for juveniles in detention centers (Abram et al , 2003; Wakefield et al , 2019; Wasserman et al , 2010). The 15-year Northwestern Juvenile Project (Teplin et al , 2021) reported that juveniles with existing mental disorders who entered detention still had a mental health disorder after leaving the detention center.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of a community-based, multifaceted program for juvenile offenders and their families

Scott

2022

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the results of a community-based program addressing the mental health needs of at-risk youth (n = 196) and their families. Design/methodology/approach The program served as an alternative to secure detention for youth residing in several rural counties in the southeastern part of the country. Several measures were used to evaluate the program’s effectiveness over a four-year timeframe. Findings The multifaceted program produced favorable results in reducing delinquent behaviors and improving relationships within their family. Practical implications This study demonstrated that using a multifaceted intervention can be beneficial to juveniles in the juvenile justice system and their families. This study set out to provide services and interventions aimed at reducing re-offending, exploring career development and improving overall family functioning. Originality/value This study is original work and is not being submitted elsewhere.

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Depression in Justice-involved Youth

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Continuity of Psychiatric Disorders in a 15-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths Involved in the Juvenile Justice System

Examination of a community-based, multifaceted program for juvenile offenders and their families

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