Depression: Evolutionary New Neural Circuitries Are Still Adjusting for Cognition

Abstract

Depression can be both normal and abnormal, and the balance of its expression determines the behavioral outcome/diagnosis. It is a complex pathophysiology based on a heterogeneous syndrome whose etiology is diverse as well. Within the context of a central nervous system, the nervous system blueprint can be found in single cells (sensory, motor, and integrative processes). These consolidated functions provide for novel coping strategies for survival. The maintenance and evolvement of this system into a central nervous system is based on conserving these functions, including chemical messengers and functionality in having specific cells mediate these primordial functions. Additionally, this neural coping strategy provides advantages for DNA. Thus, with different neural cells at work, pathways/networks would evolve, producing more complex behaviors and become a very critical phenomenon for future advances. This evolvement has taken over 1 billion years to develop. In so doing, as with any new programming (e.g., cognition), errors will occur. Given the widespread qualities of depression, it is surmised that this abnormality, and other psychiatric disorders, may emerge due to inherent neural weaknesses related to cognition being a recent evolutionary development.

Correlation of Axial Spondyloarthritis with Anxiety and Depression

“…Both disorders are treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants [ 19 , 20 ]. These disorders and their treatment affect quality of life, especially for patients with comorbidities [ 21 – 24 ]. Patients in both subgroups had back pain, which may cause both anxiety and depression.…”