Depression during Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal

Shakya, Rabi; Situala, S

doi:10.31729/jnma.311

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In one study done in eastern region of Nepal, among 44 participants almost 50% women were found to have some form of depression. 12 In another study, when BDI was used as tool to assess for depression, the prevalence rate was found to be around 16.9%, when women were assessed during their second trimester. 13…”

Section: Correlates For Depression In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 97%

Depression In Pregnancy: Prevalence And Clinical Correlates

Sharma

Thapa

Chakrabortty

et al. 2019

J Psychiatr Assoc Nepal

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Introduction: Pregnancy increases the risk of various psychiatric illness including depression. Such illness can result in prematurity, low birth weight and mother-child bonding. Depression is more common in women who have had negative experiences in previous pregnancies, have prior history of psychiatric disorder or are experiencing stressful life events. Unfortunately, psychiatric disorders among pregnant women are still undiagnosed and untreated, especially in developing country like Nepal. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence and correlates of depression in pregnancy. Material and Method: A cross-sectional, hospital based, descriptive study was conducted among 135 pregnant women attending Manipal Teaching Hospital’s antenatal clinic. Sociodemographic data and relevant clinical variables were collected using a predesigned proforma after obtaining informed written consent. The subjects were interviewed with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). For the assessment of correlates, regression analysis was carried out. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS v 20.0. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prevalence of depression was 13.3 % according to BDI with additional 19% fulfilling criteria of mild mood disturbance. Factors such as history of sub fertility, pregnancy-induced illness and presence of domestic violence were found to be statistically significant predictors of depression during pregnancy. Conclusion: Depression can occur frequently among pregnant women. Certain factors can be identified, which further increase the risk of such mental illnesses. Thus, pregnant women who are at high risk such as with pregnancy induced illness, have history of sub fertility, exposed to domestic violence etc., must be identified and diagnosed so that they can be treated timely.

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Section: Correlates For Depression In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 97%

Depression In Pregnancy: Prevalence And Clinical Correlates

Sharma

Thapa

Chakrabortty

et al. 2019

J Psychiatr Assoc Nepal

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“…In Nepal, there are few published studies reporting the antepartum depression [11,12]. A recent study to assess common mental disorders among pregnant women in earthquake affected districts of Nepal pointed to an alarming prevalence (39%) of common mental disorders during pregnancy [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the antepartum depressive symptoms and its risk factors among the pregnant women visiting public health facilities of Nepal

Joshi¹,

Shrestha²,

Shrestha

2019

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Antepartum depression is a contributing factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. The study aimed to assess the antepartum depressive symptoms in selected public health facilities of Nepal. Methodology This is a mixed-method cross-sectional study that included 143 pregnant women attending the antenatal checkup in four public health facilities of Kathmandu. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) tool with cut-off score > = 10 was used to assess the antepartum depressive symptoms. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with the depressive symptoms. Further semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 pregnant women identified with the depressive symptoms. Result Of the total 143 pregnant women, 26 (18%, CI at 95% 12.6–25.5) reported depressive symptoms. Multivariable analysis reported higher odds of antepartum depressive-symptoms with health problem, early gestational age, sex preference, and spousal alcohol intake. Thematic analysis of qualitative data further revealed participants’ apprehension on; birth outcome, a family expectation of male child, inadequate support from the family/husband and disturbed family environment. Conclusion Notable proportion of pregnant women were reported with antepartum depressive symptoms. Women’s perception on patriarchal values for childbirth was revealed to be important factor for the depressive symptoms. The study draws an attention to a need for screening for antepartum depression into primary health care system. Strengthening ongoing efforts on gender equity could contribute the psychological well-being of pregnant women.

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“…The presence of previous mental health problems [31, 38] and development of psychological conditions during pregnancy such as low self-esteem, perceived isolation [38] and high anxiety during pregnancy [31, 38] also predicted persistent perinatal depressive symptoms. Increased exposure to threatening life events [1, 30, 40], IPV [1, 30, 40–42], reduced social support and low socio-economic status [1, 30, 40–42] have been found to be associated cross-sectionally with both antenatal and postnatal depression. However, there have been very few studies from LMICs where investigators attempted to prospectively disaggregate the predictors of persistent and incident postnatal depression within the same study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal predictors of incident and persistent postnatal depressive symptoms in rural Ethiopia: a population-based prospective study

et al. 2019

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Background There have been few studies to examine antenatal predictors of incident postnatal depression, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to investigate antenatal predictors of incident and persistent maternal depression in a rural Ethiopian community in order to inform development of antenatal interventions. Method A population-based prospective study was conducted in Sodo district, south central Ethiopia. A locally validated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess antenatal (second and third trimesters) and postnatal (4–12 weeks after childbirth) depressive symptoms, with a PHQ-9 cut-off of five or more indicating high depressive symptoms. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to identify independent predictors of persistence and incidence of postnatal depressive symptoms from a range of antenatal, clinical and psychosocial risk factors. Result Out of 1311 women recruited antenatally, 1240 (356 with and 884 without antenatal depressive symptoms) were followed up in the postnatal period. Among 356 women with antenatal depressive symptoms, the elevated symptoms persisted into postnatal period in 138 women (38.8%). Out of 884 women without antenatal depressive symptoms, 136 (15.4%) experienced incident elevated depressive symptoms postnatally. The prevalence of high postnatal depressive symptoms in the follow-up sample was 274 (22.1%). Higher intimate partner violence scores in pregnancy were significantly associated with greater risk of incident depressive symptoms [adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12]. Each 1-point increment in baseline PHQ-9 score predicted an increased risk of incidence of postnatal depressive symptoms (aRR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.45). There was no association between self-reported pregnancy complications, medical conditions or experience of threatening life events with either incidence or persistence of depressive symptoms. Conclusion Psychological and social interventions to address intimate partner violence during pregnancy may be the most important priorities, able to address both incident and persistent depression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12978-019-0690-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Depression during Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Depression In Pregnancy: Prevalence And Clinical Correlates

Depression In Pregnancy: Prevalence And Clinical Correlates

Understanding the antepartum depressive symptoms and its risk factors among the pregnant women visiting public health facilities of Nepal

Antenatal predictors of incident and persistent postnatal depressive symptoms in rural Ethiopia: a population-based prospective study

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