Depression duration and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A population-based six-year cohort study

Zhang, Yingyang; Li, Xue; Chan, Vivien K.Y.; Luo, Hao; Chan, Sandra SM; Wong, Gloria H Y; Wong, Ian C K; Lum, Terry Yat Sang

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.005

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…CVD is a heart and blood vessel disease characterised by myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure, heart attack and stroke 35. Longer exposure to depression is associated with significantly increased CVD risk 36. Factors contributing to the link between depression and cardiac outcome may include alterations in the autonomic nervous system, platelet receptors and function, coagulopathic factors, proinflammatory cytokines, endothelial function, neurohormonal factors and genetic linkages 37.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between atherogenic coefficient and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study with data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Zhang,

Yin,

Sun

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of depression is related to immune inflammatory response. Atherogenic coefficient (AC) is an important indicator of lipid abnormalities, which can lead to immune inflammatory responses. However, no study has investigated the relationship between AC and depression in adult Americans. Therefore, we investigated this relationship.DesignThis study used a cross-sectional design.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018) data were used for this study.ParticipantsA total of 32 502 participants aged 20 years or older who had complete information for AC and depression were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDepressive symptoms were assessed using the nine-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a cut-off point of 9/10 indicating likely depression cases. Weighted logistic regression analyses and the smooth curve fittings were performed to explore the association between AC and depression.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a single unit increase in AC was associated with a 3% increase in the prevalence of depression (HR=1.03, 95% CI=1.00 to 1.06, p=0.039). The relationship between AC and depression was more obvious in females.ConclusionsThe AC is positively associated with depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between atherogenic coefficient and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study with data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Zhang,

Yin,

Sun

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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“…Patient data including demographics, deaths, attendances and diagnoses recorded in International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes and prescriptions were recorded across all service settings for research and auditing purposes. The database has been widely used in depression-related epidemiological studies 13 , 15 , 19 with reliable and validated diagnostic codes. 24 , 25 In this study, we identified a cohort of patients aged above 10 years with newly diagnosed depression (ICD-9-CM: 296.2, 300.4, 311) between 2014 and 2016 from the database (the “2014–2016 cohorts” thereafter).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 Depression is linked with subsequent onset of comorbidities, ranging from autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, psychosis to anxiety disorder. 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 The risks of developing these comorbidities also tend to increase further in the presence of TRD. 19 , 20 An earlier study also found that the development of post-TRD comorbidities could mediate heightened mortality risk in patients with TRD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting the 10-year costs of care and mortality burden of depression until 2032: a Markov modelling study developed from real-world data

Chan,

Leung,

Chan

et al. 2024

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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“…In a Hong Kong-wide retrospective cohort study, long-term exposure to depression is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. One thousand three hundred six (11.2%) of the 11,651 depressed patients have cardiovascular disease, and the results show that individuals with depression lasting 2–5 years and ≥6 years have a dramatically increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those who get depression within 1 year ( 20 ). Antidepressants have not been found to improve cardiovascular outcomes in randomized controlled studies in adults with depression and cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease and depression: a narrative review

Li,

Zhou,

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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In clinical practice, it is frequently observed that cardiac and psychological disorders frequently co-occur, leading to the emergence of a field known as cardiovascular disease with depression. Depression, in particular, poses a remarkable risk for the evolution of cardiovascular disease and intimately relates to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Moreover, individuals who are depressed exhibit a higher susceptibility to developing cardiovascular disease compared to those in good health. Patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease with depression disease face a heightened risk of mortality within a 5-year timeframe, and their prognosis remains unsatisfactory even after receiving treatment targeting a single disorder, with a notable recurrence rate. Psychological interventions in conjunction with medications are commonly employed in clinical settings for treating patients with cardiovascular disease and depression diseases, albeit with limited effectiveness and unfavorable prognosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as Shuangxinfang, Chaihujialonggumuli, and Yixin Ningshen Tablet, etc., have been reported and have Therapeutic effects in patients with cardiovascular disease combined with depression. Despite numerous articles documenting a notable association between heart disease and depression, there exists a dearth of studies elucidating the precise pathogenesis and target of action for cardiovascular disease with depression diseases. This article endeavors to consolidate the epidemiological data, potential pathogenic mechanisms, and available treatment modalities for cardiovascular disease with depression diseases. Its primary objective is to unveil plausible co-morbid mechanisms and suitable treatment approaches, thereby offering novel insights for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of cardiovascular disease with depression diseases.

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Depression duration and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A population-based six-year cohort study

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Association between atherogenic coefficient and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study with data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Association between atherogenic coefficient and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study with data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Projecting the 10-year costs of care and mortality burden of depression until 2032: a Markov modelling study developed from real-world data

Cardiovascular disease and depression: a narrative review

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