Depression, depressive symptoms, and depressed mood among a community sample of adolescents

Kashani, Javad H.; Carlson, Gabrielle A.; Beck, Niels C.; Hoeper, Edwin W.; Corcoran, Colleen M.; McAllister, Jeanne A.; Fallahi, Carolyn R.; Rosenberg, Tomas K.; Reid, John C.

doi:10.1176/ajp.144.7.931

Cited by 221 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, this study is silent with regard to the validity of cognitive models in predicting depressive diagnoses in young adolescents. The rate of MDD at Time 2 (5.2%) in this sample of young adolescents (i.e., ages 12 to 13 years) is consistent with other studies of youth this age (see Costello, Erkanli, & Angold, 2006, for a review) and from community samples (e.g., Albert & Beck, 1975; Bird, Gould, Yager, Staghezza, & Canino, 1989; Fleming, Offord, & Boyle, 1989; Graham & Rutter, 1973; Kandel & Davies, 1982; Kashani et al, 1987; Velez, Johnson, & Cohen, 1989), although this rate is lower than that generally found in other high-risk samples (e.g., Beardslee, Schultz, & Selman, 1987; Hammen, Gordon, et al, 1987; Klein, Clark, Dansky, & Margolis, 1988; Pilowsky et al, 2006; Weissman, 1988). This may be partially due to differences in the current diagnostic status of the parents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A prospective study of the cognitive-stress model of depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Morris

Ciesla

Garber

2008

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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This prospective study investigated a cognitive diathesis–stress model of depression in adolescents across the transition from 6th to 7th grade using individual, additive, weakest link, and keystone approaches to operationalizing the cognitive vulnerability. Participants were 240 young adolescents (mean age = 11.87 years, SD = 0.57) who differed in risk for mood disorders based on their mother’s history of depression. Results of the hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated some support for the individual, additive, weakest link, and keystone diatheses. In particular, the weakest link diathesis interacted with stress and gender to predict increases in depressive symptoms in 7th grade; the form of this interaction was consistent with the cognitive diathesis–stress model for boys, whereas for girls the pattern of relations reflected more of a dual-vulnerability model. That is, high levels of depressive symptoms were found for all girls except those with more positive cognitive styles and low stress levels. These findings highlight the utility of examining different approaches to combining measures of cognitive vulnerability in conjunction with stress in predicting depressive symptoms, and the importance of exploring gender differences with regard to the cognitive diathesis–stress model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A prospective study of the cognitive-stress model of depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Morris

Ciesla

Garber

2008

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Studies of adolescents have reported gender differences consistent with adult populations, about twice as many girls as boys meet the criteria for MDD at some time in their lives (Anderson et al, 1987; Cohen et al, 1993; Essau et al, 2000; Fleming et al, 1989; Kashani et al, 1987; Lewinsohn et al, 1993; Reinherz et al, 1993). The change in the sex ratio usually emerges around puberty (Cohen et al, 1993; Essau et al, 2000; Hankin et al, 1998; Harrington et al, 1990; Petersen et al, 1991), with the greatest increase in gender difference occurring between ages 15 and 18 (Essau et al, 2000; Hankin et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Gender differences in the developmental course of depression

Essau

Lewinsohn

Seeley

et al. 2010

Journal of Affective Disorders

261

153

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Background There is ample evidence for female preponderance of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence and adulthood. This study examined gender differences in the developmental course (i.e., incidence, duration, number of depressive episodes, and recovery rates) of MDD in non-referred adolescents and young adults. Methods Data from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project were used to examine gender differences in the developmental course of MDD. Gender differences in the onset, duration, number of depressive episode and rate of recovery from MDD were examined in a population-based sample of the same individuals (participants: N = 773) during adolescence (age 14 to 17) and at age 30. Results Compared to males, females have higher incidence rates of MDD and had a more chronic course. Difference in duration of depressive episodes is marginally significant between male and female, with females having longer episodes. Lower onset age correlates significantly with more number of episodes in both genders; however, lower onset age predicts a worse course of depression only in females. Limitations The sample was from a single region of the country and consisted mostly of White adolescents. Conclusions Childhood depression may be a more serious risk factor for girls than for boys.

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“…(73, 74) While this model may apply to the smaller subgroup of adolescents with high perceived stress (75, 76) and psychiatric disorders (77–79) it is unlikely that it will be relevant for the majority of adolescents, who have no anxiety and normal levels of stress. We will however collect information about these important outcomes and explore effect modification by stress and anxiety/depression levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and methods for “Commit to Get Fit” — A pilot study of a school-based mindfulness intervention to promote healthy diet and physical activity among adolescents

Salmoirago‐Blotcher¹,

Druker²,

Meyer³

et al. 2015

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Introduction Cardiovascular prevention is more effective if started early in life, but available interventions to promote healthy lifestyle habits among youth have been ineffective. Impulsivity in particular has proven to be an important barrier to the adoption of healthy behaviors in youth. Observational evidence suggests that mindfulness interventions may reduce impulsivity and improve diet and physical activity. We hypothesize that mindfulness training in adjunct to traditional health education will improve dietary habits and physical activity among teenagers by reducing impulsive behavior and improving planning skills. Methods/Design The Commit to Get Fit study is a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial examining the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of school-based mindfulness training in adjunct to traditional health education for promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity among adolescents. Two schools in central Massachusetts (30 students per school) will be randomized to receive mindfulness training plus standard health education (HE-M) or an attention-control intervention plus standard health education (HE-AC). Assessments will be conducted at baseline, intervention completion (2 months), and 8 months. Primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability. Secondary outcomes include physical activity, diet, impulsivity, mood, body mass index, and quality of life. Conclusions This study will provide important information about feasibility and preliminary estimates of efficacy of a school-delivered mindfulness and health education intervention to promote healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors among adolescents. Our findings will provide important insights about the possible mechanisms by which mindfulness training may contribute to behavioral change and inform future research in this important area.

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Depression, depressive symptoms, and depressed mood among a community sample of adolescents

Cited by 221 publications

References 15 publications

A prospective study of the cognitive-stress model of depressive symptoms in adolescents.

A prospective study of the cognitive-stress model of depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Gender differences in the developmental course of depression

Design and methods for “Commit to Get Fit” — A pilot study of a school-based mindfulness intervention to promote healthy diet and physical activity among adolescents

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