Depression, anxiety, stress, and dysmenorrhea: a protocol for a systematic review

Pakpour, Amir H.; Kazemi, Farideh; Alimoradi, Zainab; Griffiths, Mark D.

doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01319-4

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Menstrual pain is one of the most common symptoms in women aged 20 years or younger without any pathological lesions in the pelvis, in which case it is referred to as primary dysmenorrhea [ 1 ]. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea varies across different countries from 85 to 93% [ 2 – 4 ], and 40% to 58% of those women reported experiencing a moderate to severe degree of pain [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels: a single group clinical trial

Park

Chung

2021

BMC Women's Health

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Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) occurs mainly through dietary intake. Due to current lifestyle trends, young people tend to consume fast food, to use disposable products, and to utilize convenient household items, all of which are major sources of EDCs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels throughout three menstrual cycles in female college students who experienced severe menstrual pain. We also analyzed participants’ adherence to the intervention and examined whether their level of adherence was associated with differences in the effects of the intervention. Methods A single-group pretest and repeated posttest experimental design was employed. Thirty female college students with a score of 5 or higher on a menstrual pain scale were recruited through convenience sampling. During three menstrual cycles, menstrual pain was scored on a 10-point scale after each cycle, and urinary BPA levels were measured from the first morning urine collected after each cycle. The intervention involved three components: small-group education, follow-up monitoring, and peer support via social network communication. Statistical analyses were conducted using Friedman one-way repeated-measure analysis of variance by ranks, non-parametric two-way analysis of variance, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post-hoc test. Results The dietary modification intervention had significant effects on menstrual pain at all three time points of menstrual cycles (χ2 = 119.64, p = 0.000) and on urinary BPA levels until the 2nd menstrual cycle (χ2 = 205.42, p = 0.000). Slightly fewer than half (43.3%) of the participants were highly adherent. Menstrual pain differed according to adherence level (F = 4.67, p = 0.032) and decreased over time through the third cycle post-intervention (F = 18.30, p = 0.000). Urinary BPA levels also decreased significantly (F = 7.94, p = 0.000), but did not differ according to adherence level. Conclusions The dietary modification intervention was effective and sustainable for reducing menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels. Detailed information about EDCs and dietary experiences seemed to encourage the young women to become more concerned about EDCs and to perform self-protective actions. Further experimental research is suggested to examine the relationships of EDCs with various health indicators in women. Trial registration: KCT0005472 at 2020-9-24 retrospectively registered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels: a single group clinical trial

Park

Chung

2021

BMC Women's Health

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“…Mounting evidence has emerged suggesting that mood dysfunction was comorbid with dysmenorrhea condition ( 9 ). According to the previous studies, there is a positive association between primary dysmenorrhea and depressive disorder, and these two factors often cause a vicious circle of symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Increase in Depression in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis

Zhao

Wu²,

Kang

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Women with primary dysmenorrhea are vulnerable to develop a depressive disorder, which is a common form of psycho-disturbance. However, clinical findings are inconsistent across studies, and the evidence has not been previously synthesized. This study aims to investigate whether primary dysmenorrhea is associated with a higher risk of depression via a cumulative analysis. Four electronic databases were systematically searched for the eligible studies. The combined effect was assessed by analyzing the relative risk (RR) and standard mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). This cumulative analysis was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020169601). Of 972 publications, a total of 10 studies involving 4,691 participants were included. Pooled results from six included studies showed that primary dysmenorrhea was associated with a significant depressive disorder (RR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.44 to 2.0, P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%, P = 0.544). In addition, synthesis results from two studies provided the BDI scores suggested that dysmenorrhea had significantly higher scores when compared to non-dysmenorrhea (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.62, P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%, P = 0.518). However, in the two studies providing the PROMIS T-Score, the pooled result showed that there was no significant difference between women with dysmenorrhea and those without dysmenorrhea (P = 0.466). The overall quality of the evidence in our study was judged to MODERATE. The present study has confirmed the positive relationship between primary dysmenorrhea and depression. Social supports and medical help from pain management physicians or psychologists are important interventions for women with dysmenorrhea-suffering depressive disorder.

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“…EDCs are known to cause endocrine disturbances, particularly in women, by mimicking estrogen and binding to the estrogen receptor [4], through which they can induce early menarche [5], precocious puberty [6], infertility [7], and menstrual abnormalities [8,9]. Of these impacts, dysmenorrhea is one of the most common symptoms in women aged 20 years or younger without any pathological lesions in the pelvis, in which case it is referred to as primary dysmenorrhea [10]. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea varies across different countries from 85-93% [11][12][13], and 40-58% of women with primary dysmenorrhea reported experiencing a moderate to severe degree of pain [12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Dietary Modification Intervention on Menstrual Pain and Urinary BPA Levels: A Single Group Clinical Trial

Park

Chung

2020

Preprint

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Background: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) occurs mainly through dietary intake. Due to current lifestyle trends, young people tend to consume fast food, to use disposable products, and to utilize convenient household items, all of which are major sources of EDCs. In this study, we investigated the effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels in female college students who experienced severe menstrual pain. In addition, we analyzed participants’ adherence to the intervention and examined whether their level of adherence was associated with differences in the effects of the intervention. Methods: A single-group pretest and repeated posttest experimental design was employed. Thirty female college students with a score of 5 or higher (out of 10) on a menstrual pain scale were recruited through convenience sampling. During three menstrual cycles, menstrual pain was scored on a 10-point scale after each cycle, and urinary BPA levels were measured from the first morning urine collected after each cycle. The intervention involved three components: small-group education, follow-up monitoring, and peer support via social network communication. Statistical analyses were conducted using Friedman one-way repeated-measure analysis of variance by ranks, non-parametric two-way analysis of variance, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post-hoc test.Results: The dietary modification intervention had significant effects on menstrual pain at all three time points of menstrual cycles (Z=-4.66~-4.56. p=0.000) and on urinary BPA levels until the 2nd menstrual cycle (Z=-3.39~-2.78, p=0.005). Slightly fewer than half (43.3%) of the participants were highly adherent. Menstrual pain differed according to adherence (F=4.67, p=0.032) and decreased over time through the third cycle post-intervention (F=18.30, p=0.000). Urinary BPA levels also decreased significantly (F=7.94, p=0.000). Conclusions: The dietary modification intervention was effective and sustainable for reducing menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels. Detailed information about EDCs and dietary experiences seemed to encourage the young women to become more concerned about EDCs and to perform self-protective actions. Further experimental research is suggested to examine the relationships of EDCs with various health indicators in women. Trial registrationKCT0005472 at 2020-9-24 retrospectively registered.

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Depression, anxiety, stress, and dysmenorrhea: a protocol for a systematic review

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels: a single group clinical trial

Effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels: a single group clinical trial

Significant Increase in Depression in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis

Effects of a Dietary Modification Intervention on Menstrual Pain and Urinary BPA Levels: A Single Group Clinical Trial

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