Depression, anxiety, and history of substance abuse among Norwegian inmates in preventive detention: Reasons to worry?

Værøy, Henning

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-40

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This result is higher than reported in other low and middle income countries such as India [ 13 ] and Chile [ 14 ]. However, this is in line with a study conducted among Norwegian [ 15 ] and European prisoners [ 6 ]. This might be because there is a disparity in Socio-demographic and economic conditions among the study settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Anxiety and associated factors among prisoners in North West of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Dadi

Dachew

Kisi³

et al. 2016

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundMental illnesses are more common among the prison population than the general public. However, little attention is given to mental health service in low and middle income countries in general. The problem is more so for prisoners where the overall health care is poor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety and the associated factors among prisoners of North West Amhara, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study was employed from February to March 2015 by taking a sample of 700 prisoners. Simple random sampling method was employed to select three prisons out of 10 prisons found in the North West Amhara region. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale was used to assess prisoners’ anxiety status. The receiver- operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff point with high sensitivity and specificity. Structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using R version 3.2.0. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with anxiety. Odds ratio with its 95 % confidence interval was used as a measure of association. Akaike’s Information’s Criterion (AIC) was used to check model fitness.ResultsA total of 649 prisoners were included in the analysis making the response rate 92.5 %. The prevalence of Anxiety was found to be 36.1 % (95 % CI: 32.7, 39.9). The odds of Anxiety was 2.49(95 % CI: 1.38, 4.55) times higher among prisoners who used to be unhappy in their life before imprisonment. Moreover, smokers were 2.6 (AOR = 2.6, 95 % CI: 1.08, 6.6) times more likely to have anxiety compared with non smokers. However, the odds of the odds of anxiety was 89% lower among Debre-Tabor prisoners (AOR = 0.11, 95 % CI: 0.06, 0.20) and 57 % lower among Gondar prisoners (AOR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.28, 0.67).ConclusionThe prevalence of anxiety is found to be very high among prisoners in North West Ethiopia. Anxiety was associated with current smoking and having had a dissatisfying life. Screening prisoners for common mental disorders and integrated health care is necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The odd of anxiety was 2.6 times higher among current smokers. The association between substance use and mental illnesses has been supported by several studies [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Anxiety and associated factors among prisoners in North West of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Dadi

Dachew

Kisi³

et al. 2016

BMC Psychiatry

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“…On the seven item HADS subscales a score of 0–7 for either subscale is estimated within the normal range, a score of 11 or higher implies a probable presence of a mood disorder. A score of 8–10 is considered signs of a mood disorder [ 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal strength training as physical rehabilitation for patients with substance use disorder; a randomized controlled trial

Unhjem

Flemmen

Hoff

et al. 2016

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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BackgroundPatients with substance use disorder (SUD) suffer from multiple health and psychosocial problems. Because poor physical capacities following an inactive lifestyle may indeed contribute to these problems, physical training is often suggested as an attractive supplement to conventional SUD treatment. Strength training is shown to increase muscle strength and effectively improve health and longevity. Therefore we investigated the feasibility and effect of a maximal strength training intervention for SUD patients in clinical treatment.Methods16 males and 8 females were randomized into a training group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG performed lower extremities maximal strength training (85-90 % of 1 repetition maximum (1RM)) 3 times a week for 8 weeks, while the CG participated in conventional clinical activities.ResultsThe TG increased hack squat 1RM (88 ± 54 %), plantar flexion 1RM (26 ± 20 %), hack squat rate of force development (82 ± 29 %) and peak force (11 ± 5 %). Additionally, the TG improved neural function, expressed as voluntary V-wave (88 ± 83 %). The CG displayed no change in any physical parameters. The TG also reduced anxiety and insomnia, while the CG reduced anxiety.ConclusionMaximal strength training was feasible for SUD patients in treatment, and improved multiple risk factors for falls, fractures and lifestyle related diseases. As conventional treatment appears to have no effect on muscle strength, systematic strength training should be implemented as part of clinical practice.Trial regestrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02218970 (August 14, 2014).

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“…It is a known problem that prison inmates are difficult to recruit [34][35][36], at least in Norway. One of the problems with the present study was the low number of participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggression questionnaire scores in extremely violent male prisoners, male bodybuilders, and healthy non-violent men

Værøy¹

2013

OJPsych

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Two aggression questionnaires, the Revised Swedish Version (AQ-RSV) of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and the shortened and refined version by Bryant and Smith (BS-AQ) were compared. Both questionnaires identified subscore levels of aggression and there were significant differences between the groups. On the AQ-RSV subscales, the violent inmates showed statistically significantly more aggression for Hostility (p = 0.000), Anger (p = 0.000), Physical Aggression (p = 0.000) and Verbal Aggression (p = 0.01) than the healthy (non-violent) men. The bodybuilders, all "on" performance-enhancing substances, scored significantly higher on the Physical Aggression subscale than the healthy men (p = 0.000). Compared to the bodybuilders, the violent inmates scored significantly higher on the Anger (p = 0.02) and Hostility (p = 0.002) subscales. For the BS-AQ, where general variance was higher than for the original AQ, some of the above mentioned relationships were different. The violent inmates still scored significantly higher than the healthy men for Hostility (p = 0.000), Anger (p = 0.006) and Physical Aggression (p = 0.000), but not for Verbal Aggression. The inmates scored significantly higher than the bodybuilders for Anger (p = 0.006) and Verbal Aggression (p = 0.006), and the bodybuilders scored higher than the healthy men on the Physical Aggression (p = 0.002) subscale only. These and other more complex relationships are discussed in the light of previous findings. Thus the BS-AQ resulted in more sharply defined relationships and, at the same time, showed some important differences between the groups studied. Verbal Aggression does not seem to distinguish violent inmates from healthy men. Angry bodybuilders tend to express their aggression through Physical Aggression.

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Depression, anxiety, and history of substance abuse among Norwegian inmates in preventive detention: Reasons to worry?

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Anxiety and associated factors among prisoners in North West of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Anxiety and associated factors among prisoners in North West of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Maximal strength training as physical rehabilitation for patients with substance use disorder; a randomized controlled trial

Aggression questionnaire scores in extremely violent male prisoners, male bodybuilders, and healthy non-violent men

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