Maximal strength training as physical rehabilitation for patients with substance use disorder; a randomized controlled trial

Unhjem, Runar; Flemmen, Grete; Hoff, Jan; Wang, Eivind

doi:10.1186/s13102-016-0032-2

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Third, from a purely practical standpoint, MST is simpler to administer since no or extra personnel or special equipment is required to add and remove the excess weight in the eccentric phase. Finally, of clinical importance, MST has been documented to be feasible and safe to carry out in elderly and a wide range of frail patient populations (Hoff et al 2007;Toien et al 2018;Unhjem et al 2015Unhjem et al , 2016aWang et al 2017) and contribute to improved function and ability to maintain independence in daily activities (Unhjem et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Tøien

Haglo

Unhjem

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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The search for the most potent strength training intervention is continuous. Maximal strength training (MST) yields large improvements in force-generating capacity (FGC), largely attributed to efferent neural drive enhancement. However, it remains elusive whether eccentric overload, before the concentric phase, may augment training-induced neuromuscular adaptations. A total of 53 23 ± 3 (SD)-yr-old untrained males were randomized to either a nontraining control group (CG) or one of two training groups performing leg press strength training with linear progression, three times per week for 8 wk. The first training group carried out MST with four sets of four repetitions at ~90% one-repetition maximum (1RM) in both action phases. The second group performed MST with an augmented eccentric load of 150% 1RM (eMST). Measurements were taken of 1RM and rate of force development (RFD), countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, and evoked potentials recordings [V-wave (V) and H-reflex (H) normalized to M-wave (M) in musculus soleus]. 1RM increased from 133 ± 16 to 157 ± 23 kg and 123 ± 18 to 149 ± 22 kg and CMJ by 2.3 ± 3.6 and 2.2 ± 3.7cm for MST and eMST, respectively (all P < 0.05). Early, late, and maximal RFD increased in both groups [634–1,501 N/s (MST); 644–2,111 N/s (eMST); P < 0.05]. These functional improvements were accompanied by increased V/M-ratio (MST: 0.34 ± 0.11 to 0.42 ± 14; eMST: .36 ± 0.14 to 0.43 ± 13; P < 0.05). Resting H/M-ratio remained unchanged. Training-induced improvements did not differ. All increases, except for CMJ, were different from the CG. MST is an enterprise for large gains in FGC and functional performance. Eccentric overload did not induce additional improvements, suggesting firing frequency and motor unit recruitment during MST may be maximal. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to apply evoked potential recordings to investigate effects on efferent neural drive following high-intensity strength training with and without eccentric overload in a functionally relevant lower extremity exercise. We document that eccentric overload does not augment improvements in efferent neural drive or muscle force-generating capacity, suggesting that high-intensity concentric loads may maximally tax firing frequency and motor unit recruitment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MST is tailored to target neural adaptations and specifically tax efferent neural drive (i.e., motor unit recruitment and firing frequency). Indeed, increases in efferent neural drive following MST have been shown in a range of populations (Ekblom 2010;Fimland et al 2009;Unhjem et al 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Tøien

Haglo

Unhjem

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Peak plantar flexion torque was assessed by a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) performed on a force plate (MuscleLab TM , ErgoTest Innovation, Porsgrunn, Norway). The protocol was performed in-line with the description of Unhjem, Flemmen, Hoff, and Wang (2016). Participants performed three to five submaximal warm-up contractions prior the maximal attempts.…”

Section: Plantar Flexion Torquementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors

Aune

Bishop

Turner

et al. 2018

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Foam rolling and eccentric exercise interventions have been demonstrated to improve range of motion (ROM). However, these two modalities have not been directly compared. Twenty-three academy soccer players (age: 18 ± 1; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m; body mass: 69.3 ± 7.5 kg) were randomly allocated to either a foam rolling (FR) or eccentric exercise intervention designed to improve dorsiflexion ROM. Participants performed the intervention daily for a duration of four weeks. Measurements of dorsiflexion ROM, isometric plantar flexion torque and drop jump reactive strength index were taken at baseline (pre-intervention) and at three subsequent time-points (30-min post, 24-hours post and 4-weeks post). A significant time x group interaction effect was observed for dorsiflexion (P = 0.036), but not for torque or reactive strength index. For dorsiflexion, there was a significant increase in both acute (30-min; P < 0.001) and chronic (4-week; P < 0.001) ROM for the eccentric group, whilst FR exhibited only an acute improvement (P < 0.001). Eccentric training would appear a more efficacious modality than foam rolling for improving dorsiflexion ROM in elite academy soccer players.

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“…As part of this study, we conducted a literature search in Embase, Medline, SPORDiscus, PsycINFO and CINAHL in September 17.2017, using the search terms: "High-Intensity Training (HIIT)"; "high-intensity training circuit training (HICT "; "cognitive function" and "SUD." The results of our search gave eleven articles (31,33,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43) of relevance to this study. Research with the use of physical activity for SUD populations is related to outpatients or inpatients in recovery after withdrawal (33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can high-intensity interval/circuit training improve the cognitive function and quality of life of patients in recovery from substance use disorder?

Andreassen¹

2019

http://isrctn.com/

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This protocol aims to examine if structured physical activity reduces the recovery time of cognitive functioning during the early phase of substance use disorder treatment. Addiction or substance dependence is associated with neurobiological changes and cognitive impairment, which may affect the quality of life and ability to benefit from therapy up to a year after clinical detox. A physical exercise is a therapeutic approach which may lead to increased quality of life as well as relief of symptoms associated with substance abuse, such as psychosis, depression, and anxiety, due to its biological, psychological and social effects. There is a dearth of research on physical activity or exercise in clinical substance use disorders patients. This clinical study protocol examines cognitive recovery after substance abuse using physical exercise as a treatment intervention. This study is using quasiexperimental longitudinal clinical trial with pretest and multiple posttests, on two-time sequential groups that are naturally randomized before group entry. Patients are continuously recruited into the study groups. Starting with a controlled group and finalizing it and sequentially followed with a new group with intervention. Sixty patients are divided into control and intervention group. Patients are enrolled two weeks after the start of detoxification, at which time all subjects are inpatients at the Salvation Army treatment Center Stavanger in the Norwegian specialized healthcare system. Cognition is evaluated using a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests, including several tests of executive functioning. Physical fitness is tested with Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test, 30 Second Chair Stand Test. Also, the 1-minute Burpee test and the presence of primitive reflexes tested at baseline within the first two weeks of admittance and after four weeks. The intervention consists of 30 minutes' workout, at 70-90% of max heart rate (134-170 bpm), recorded by a Polar heart rate monitor. The adjunct treatment is four times a week for four weeks of highintensity training using circuit training (HICT), as well as HIIT functional movement and primitive reflex training. After the intervention protocol, an improvement is anticipated in both groups, with the exercise intervention group having the most considerable increase in return towards normalizing cognitive functioning due to having combined functional full body movements with primitive reflex training in an intensity interval training setting.

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Maximal strength training as physical rehabilitation for patients with substance use disorder; a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors

Can high-intensity interval/circuit training improve the cognitive function and quality of life of patients in recovery from substance use disorder?

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