Depression, anxiety and 6-year risk of cardiovascular disease

Female Psychological Adjustment Following an Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…A similar (31% -45%) rate of patients presenting clinical symptoms following an ACS has been reported elsewhere. 33 In addition, depression increases the risk for cardiac morbidity and mortality in the general population 11,12 which makes the estimate of clinical symptoms among female controls also a concern. Nonetheless, antidepressants use and psychiatric referrals were significantly less common among patients.…”

“…[10][11][12] Similarly, anxiety has also been identified as a risk factor for worse prognosis in cardiac patients 13,14 and is also an independent risk factor for CVD in community samples, 11,14,15 with recent evidence pointing to 20% -30% increased risk for first acute myocardial infarction (AMI).…”

Predictors of permanent work disability among ≤50-year-old patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

“…It has also been shown that improvement in depressive symptoms leads to better adherence to secondary prevention among cardiac patients (22,23). Serious mental illness itself is also a well described risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but even less dramatic psychiatric morbidity such as depression incurs an elevated risk of cardiovascular events (24)(25)(26). Even though the percentage of actual psychiatric diagnoses in the present study was in fact lower than in the PWD cases of the general population a psychosocial burden is likely in young patients undergoing PCI.…”

Psychological Aspects of Cardiac Care and Rehabilitation: Time to Wake Up to Sleep?

“…Although anxiety is more prevalent than, and highly co-morbid with depression [112][113][114], relatively less is known about anxiety in cardiac patients, although the existing evidence suggests that anxiety disorders per se are less common in this population than sub-clinical levels of anxiety. Anxiety has not been as robust a predictor of cardiac endpoints as depression, and the associations between anxiety and CHD have generally been smaller than those found for depression.…”