Depression and anxiety in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Depression and anxiety cause severe loss of quality of life for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The causes and factors that contribute to these psychological manifestations in lupus are difficult to disentangle. This study compared clinical, psychological, and demographic factors between lupus patients, depressed patients, and rheumatoid arthritis patients to discover lupus-specific contributors to depression. Lupus-specific manifestations of depression were also investigated.Physiological, clinical, and psychosocial data were collected from 77 patients. ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were used to compare the patient populations and identify correlations between key physical and psychological indicators.The prevalence of depression in the SLE cohort was 6 times greater than the healthy control subjects. Pain, IL-6, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index values were all significantly higher in SLE patients compared with the healthy control group (P < .001, P = .038, and P = .005, respectively). Anxiety levels were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy and RA control patients (P = .020 and .011, respectively). Serum IL-10 concentrations, relationship assessment scale, and fatigue severity scale values were found to be correlated with depression among the SLE patients (P = .036, P = .007, and P = .001, respectively). Relationship assessment and fatigue severity scale scores were found to be the best indicators of depression for the SLE patients (P = .042 and .028, respectively).Fatigue Severity, relationship satisfaction, and IL-10 concentrations are indicators of depression in lupus patients. Despite also suffering from the pain and disability that accompanies chronic autoimmune disease, the rheumatoid arthritis patients had less anxiety and better relationship scores.

Mental Health Status among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients at Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia

“…This study found no significant relationship between age with anxiety and depression and therefore supports the findings by previous studies carried out in other countries (Bachen, Chesney & Criswell, 2009;Beckerman, Auerbach & Blanco, 2011;Nery, Borba, Hatch, Soares, & Neto, 2007;Stoll et al 2001;Figueredo-Braga et al 2016). However, Mak and friends found a significant relationship between age with both of anxiety and depression in Singapore (Mak et al 2011).…”

“…Because developments in treatment of diseases were currently growing rapidly in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), many patients regardless of rural or urban areas were referred to UKMMC (Kong, 2009). This finding is parallel with Figueredo-Braga, Cornaby, Cortez, Bernardes, Terroso, Figueredo, Mesquita, Costa, & Poole (2016) that found 40% of patients had high level of depression and 47% of patients had high level of anxiety. Comparing the prevalence of anxiety and depression based on this study with findings by Chin and friends (1993), who studied a sample of 79 SLE patients in UKMMC, draws mixed results i.e.…”

“…Mental health status such as anxiety and depression are influenced by socio-demographic characteristic (Figueredo-Braga et al 2016). Therefore, research on the influence of sociodemographic characteristic towards psychosocial status should be carried out in SLE patients as this will further encourage determining and identifying the real needs of these patients.…”

“…However, others had suggested that people with low level of income generally have communication problems with their spouse and individuals around them (Sturn & Gresenz, 2002), while individuals with high income were sometimes pressured to keep up their status and standard of living (Paskov, Gerxhani, Herman & Werfhorst, 2013). Figueredo-Braga et al (2016) also reported that healthy people tend to have more education and demonstrate lower level of unemployment compared to people who are living with SLE. Nevertheless, the results of this study were more in line with those of Sturm & Grasenz (2002) studies.…”

From Soma To Psyche: An Outcome Evaluation Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy In A Patient With Somatic Symptoms And Chronic Diseases

“…The disease itself, unexpected exacerbations, medical regimen side effects, and medical care issues are often identified as the sources of depressed feelings. In addition, the question regarding which disease manifestations create the most emotional distress also remains open: there are mixed results regarding the association between lupus disease activity and depression and anxiety, with some studies showing a connection and others finding no association (Rosa Beltrão et al ., ; Figueiredo‐Braga et al ., ).…”