Depression among patients with diabetes mellitus in a Nigerian teaching hospital

Abstract

<p><strong>Objectives.</strong> Depression is associated with diabetes mellitus and affects treatment goals negatively. We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and identify its socio-demographic or clinical correlates among patients with diabetes mellitus attending an out-patient clinic in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Two hundred consecutively recruited diabetes patients (index group) were compared with a similar number of apparently healthy controls in a cross-sectional survey. In both groups, in addition to obtaining socio-demographic details, depression was diagnosed using the Schedule for the Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), while the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression symptom severity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Sixty (30%) diabetes patients met a SCAN diagnosis for clinical depression, compared with 19 (9.5%) in the control group. Having a smaller income and more children were significantly correlated with higher depression symptoms on the BDI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Depression is highly co-morbid with diabetes mellitus. The care of individuals with diabetes mellitus should include the screening and possible treatment for depression in order to achieve and sustain treatment goals.</p>

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow up at Ambo General Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study

“…The finding is similar with the study conducted in Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Tehran Iran and Pakistan [11,14,19], Being type 2 DM diagnosed greater than five years significantly associated similar with study done in Qatar, in JJM Medical college, in Malaysia and in Pakistan [9,12,16,18]. Hence, history alcohol user's patients can be at higher risk of depression than have no history of alcohol use similar with study conduct in Qatar and Iran.…”

“…The finding was similar with other studies carried out in Mexican (48.27%) [7], in JJM Medical College (47%) [12], in Iran (43.4%) [15], in Pakistan it (43.5%) [18], and in Nigeria (39.5%) [20]. On the other hand, the current study finding was higher than the study done in Malaysia 11.5% [16], in North India [8], in Qatar (13.6%) [9], in Pakistan (38.35%) [19] and in Malaysia (40.3%) [17] and lower than the study was done in Allied Hospital Faisalabad [11], in UK (77.6%) [6], in southern Iran 50% [13] and in Tehran, Iran (70.7%) [14]. The variation might be due to the difference in study design, data collection tool, sample size and the socioeconomically status of participant's in study.…”

“…Studies conducted in different countries on prevalence of depression among Diabetes mellitus patients shows that 77.6% in UK [6],48.27% in Mexican [7],23% in North India [8], 13.6% in Qatar [9], 8.7% to 21.4% in Leiden University [10], 52.1% in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad [11], 47% in JJM Medical college in Karnataka [12], 50% In Bardarabbas, Southern Iran [13],70.7% in Tehran, Iran [14], 43.4% in Iran [15],11.5% and 40.3% in Malaysia [16,17], 43.5% and 38.35% in Pakistan [18,19] and 39.5% in Nigeria [20].…”

Factors associated with depression and suicide among patients with diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension in a Nigerian teaching hospital

“…The study employed similar methodology with the present study and reported a 30% prevalence of clinical depression among the subjects with diabetes mellitus using the depression module of the Schedule for the Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. 22 Furthermore, the prevalence of depression among the subjects with diabetes mellitus was 27.8% and this was close to the 25% reported in another study among a cohort of Nigerians with diabetes mellitus 19 but higher than the 20% reported in another study among subjects with diabetes mellitus. 4 The finding of prevalence of 26.7% of depression among the subjects with essential hypertension was higher compared to a previously reported 20% in a study that assessed depressive symptoms and association with unhealthy lifestyles in subjects with hypertension.…”

“…Having a smaller income and more children were significantly correlated with higher depression symptoms on Beck depression inventory. 22 Recently a study examined the role of diabetes in suicide ideation and attempt, independent of mood disorders or the side effects of psychotropic drugs and found that patients with diabetes, compared to a control group, scored higher on two subscales of the Beck Hopelessness Scale: Loss of Motivation and Future Expectations, which are significantly related to suicidality. Patients with diabetes mellitus also registered higher for suicidality on the Suicide Score Scale and showed significantly lower selfefficacy than the control group.…”