Depressed gut? The microbiota-diet-inflammation trialogue in depression

Koopman, Margreet B.; Aidy, Sahar El

doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000350

Cited by 91 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…An abnormally high-fat diet is associated with oesophageal acid exposure and gastro-oesophageal reflux, which elevate the risk of peptic ulcer disease 26,27 . Moreover, the unbalanced diet that is often associated with depression patients may influence the gut microbiota, which increases the risk of peptic ulcer disease 28 . On the other hand, chronic gastric pain and stress related to the disease burden of peptic ulcer disease could elevate the risk of depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal association between depression and peptic ulcers: Two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort

Kim

Min

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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this study was aimed to explore the bidirectional association between depression and peptic ulcers. the ≥20-year-old participants of the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013 were included in the study. In study I, 30,306 depression patients were 1:4 matched with 121,224 control I participants. In study II, 127,590 peptic ulcer patients were 1:1 matched with 127,590 control II participants. The stratified Cox-proportional hazards models were used to analyse the hazard ratio (HR) of depression for peptic ulcers (study I) and of peptic ulcers for depression (study II). A total of 8.9% (2,703/ 30,306) of depression patients and 7.3% (8,896/ 121,224) of patients in the control I group had peptic ulcers (P < 0.001). The depression group had an adjusted HR for peptic ulcers that was 1.14-fold higher than that of the control I group (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.09-1.19, p < 0.001). A total of 6.4% (8,144/ 127,590) of peptic ulcer patients and 3.5% (4,515/127,590) of patients in the control II group had depression (P < 0.001). The peptic ulcer group had an adjusted HR for depression that was 1.68-fold higher than that of the control II group (95% CI = 1.62-1.74, P < 0.001). Depression and peptic ulcers exhibited a bidirectional relationship. Depression is a prevalent psychological disease worldwide. A meta-analysis reported an approximately 27.0% prevalence of depressive symptoms in 83 cross-sectional studies (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs] = 24.0-29.0) 1. In Korea, about 6.7% of all age population suffered from depression (95% CI = 5.7-7.6) 2. Depression increases the risk of several physical illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes 3. The disturbances of metabolism, immune-inflammatory responses, autonomic regulation, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in depression patients were suggested to be linked with the elevated risk of chronic diseases 3. In line with this idea, depression was reported to increase the risk of a number of gastrointestinal diseases 4,5. Several prior studies suggested a relationship between depression or psychological stress and gastrointestinal diseases 4,5. For instance, reflux oesophagitis was related to stress (odds ratio = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.25-3.02) 4. Peptic ulcer disease is defined as a submucosal injury in the digestive tract, mainly in the stomach and proximal duodenum 6. The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease is approximately 5-10%, with a decreasing tendency worldwide due to a attenuation of Helicobacter pylori infection and anti-acid medications 7,8. In Korea, approximately 5.6% of the adult population has peptic ulcer disease 9. In addition to H. pylori infection and the chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug medications, the possible pathophysiological causes of peptic ulcer disease include the hypersecretion of acidic contents, dietary factors, and stress 6. Peptic ulcers have been associated with psychological stress, schizophrenia and anxiety 10-12. Peptic ulcer patients showed higher odds f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal association between depression and peptic ulcers: Two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort

Kim

Min

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Neuroinflammation can be involved in these circuits because changes in intestinal permeability facilitate the recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide by toll-like receptors on the surfaces of the immune cells of the intestinal mucosa. This elicits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn causes an inflammatory response in the brain [237,238]. Interestingly, alterations in the physiology of the brain-gut axis are also present in PD and AD.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity: A Common Denominator between Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Novellino

Saccà

Donato

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The intricate relationships between innate immunity and brain diseases raise increased interest across the wide spectrum of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier, and innate immunity cells such as microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in triggering disease events in these groups, through the action of many different cytokines. Chronic inflammation can lead to dysfunctions in large-scale brain networks. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia, are associated with a substrate of dysregulated immune responses that impair the central nervous system balance. Recent evidence suggests that similar phenomena are involved in psychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The present review summarizes and discusses the main evidence linking the innate immunological response in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, thus providing insights into how the responses of innate immunity represent a common denominator between diseases belonging to the neurological and psychiatric sphere. Improved knowledge of such immunological aspects could provide the framework for the future development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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“…These gut bacteria has coevolved with the human body to perform numerous beneficial functions ranging from being simple fermenters of food to having profound effects on the host immune development, metabolism and food preferences, brain development, stress responses, pain and behavior [1][2][3][4][5]. Consequently, disruptions or alterations in this resilient relationship is a significant factor in many diseases such as inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression [1,[6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites in the Remote Effect of Intestinal Inflammation on Brain and Depression

Waclawiková¹,

Aidy²

2018

Preprint

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The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by trillions of commensal bacteria collectively known as the gut microbiota. Our recognition of the significance of the complex interaction between the microbiota, and its host has grown dramatically over the past years. A balanced microbial community is a key regulator of the immune response, and metabolism of dietary components, which in turn, modulates several brain processes impacting mood and behavior. Consequently, it is likely that disruptions within the composition of the microbiota would remotely affect the mental state of the host. Here, we discuss how intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can orchestrate gut-associated neuroimmune mechanisms that influence mood and behavior leading to depression. In particular, we focus on microbiota-triggered gut inflammation and its implications in shifting the tryptophan metabolism towards kynurenine biosynthesis while disrupting the serotonergic signaling. We further investigate the gaps to be bridged in this exciting field of research in order to clarify our understanding of the multifaceted crosstalk in the microbiota-gut-brain interphase, bringing about a novel microbiota-targeted therapeutics for mental illnesses.

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Depressed gut? The microbiota-diet-inflammation trialogue in depression

Cited by 91 publications

References 80 publications

Reciprocal association between depression and peptic ulcers: Two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort

Reciprocal association between depression and peptic ulcers: Two longitudinal follow-up studies using a national sample cohort

Innate Immunity: A Common Denominator between Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Role of Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites in the Remote Effect of Intestinal Inflammation on Brain and Depression

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