Depressant effects of Clinopodium mexicanum Benth. Govaerts (Lamiaceae) on the central nervous system

Neuropharmacological study of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Lamiaceae) in mice: Sedative effect and chemical analysis of an aqueous extract

“…Thus, it is not surprising to think, that the CNS depressant actions observed with DM administration could be through this important central inhibition system. In agreement with this observation, it is well known that many extracts and plants rich in glycoside and aglycone flavonoids, possess sedative, anxiolytic, and antiepileptic properties mediated through their affinity (in vitro) with benzodiazepine site of GABAergic complex system or are direct or indirect modulators of this receptor (Kahnberg et al, 2002;Fernández et al, 2004Fernández et al, , 2006Fernández et al, , 2009Awad et al, 2009;Estrada-Reyes et al, 2010). Thus the presence of several flavonoids in DM, particularly flavone glycosides, could account for the depressant and sedative effects on the CNS.…”

“…These results indicate that DM also reduced motor coordination at the dose tested, similar to the effect induced by high doses of DZ. Muscle weakness, decrease of ambulatory activity and sedation are usually manifestations produced by some benzodiazepines as diazepam, an anxiolytic-sedative drug of clinical use, which also impaired the performance of rodents in the Rota-rod (López-Rubalcava et al, 2000;Farkas et al, 2005;Estrada-Reyes et al, 2010). Overall, it can be concluded that rather than inducing anxiolytic-like actions, DM induced sedative effects that affected mice general activity and motor coordination.…”

“…The entire analysis was performed at 25 • C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. A positive ion mas spectra of the column eluent were recorded in the range of m/z 150-1000 amu with a scan cycle time of 2 s. ESI-IT source conditions were adjusted as follow: drying N 2 , the capillarity temperature to 350 • C, the spray voltage was set to 40.0 V, auxiliary gas pressure = 30 psi, dry gas 10 L/min (Wu et al, 2004;Estrada-Reyes et al, 2010).…”

“…After each trial, the floor of the apparatus was carefully cleaned to remove any traces of previous tests. An increase in the number of head dips and the frequency of rearing compared to the controls was considered to indicate an anxiolyticlike effect, while any decrease in these variables was considered to be the result of a sedative effect (Viola et al, 1995;Sousa et al, 2004;Estrada-Reyes et al, 2010).…”

Phytochemical researches and antimicrobial activity of Clinopodium nubigenum Kunth (Kuntze) raw extracts

“…Most of them were demonstrated to be antimicrobial either against different bacteria or fungi (Stojanović et al, 2006;Castilho et al, 2007;Stojanović et al, 2009). Almost sixty species of the genus Clinopodium grow in tropical America (Harley, 2000), but biological activities of only few of them have been tested so far (El-Seedi et al, 2008;Estrada-Reyes et al, 2010). Antimicrobial activity of the al., 1986; Lee et al, 2008), after which they have been named.…”