Depositional Systems and Facies Within a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework

Galloway, William E.; Hobday, David K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61018-9_11

Cited by 39 publications

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“…Galloway (40) introduced a classification scheme where three main types of deltas are distinguished according to the dominant forces on the formation process: river-, wave-, and tidedominated deltas. This simple classification scheme was later extended (36,37,41) to include grain size and other effects.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a delta often looks like a estuarine bay filled with many stretched islands parallel to the main tidal flow and perpendicular to the shore line (e.g., the Brahmaputra River delta). Using the classification of Galloway (40), the different delta types can be arranged in a triangle where the extremes are put in the edges (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, this lobe occupies an indentation in the coastline between previous existing lobes so that with time the sediment layers overlap each other. One can find this type of delta switching in areas where the offshore slope is extremely low and the tidal and wave forces are too small for reworking the lobe (35,38,40). In many cases, the delta lobes merge with each other, forming major sheet-type sand banks.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling river delta formation

Seybold

Andrade

Herrmann

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A model to simulate the time evolution of river delta formation process is presented. It is based on the continuity equation for water and sediment flow and a phenomenological sedimentation/ erosion law. Different delta types are reproduced by using different parameters and erosion rules. The structures of the calculated patterns are analyzed in space and time and compared with real data patterns. Furthermore, our model is capable of simulating the rich dynamics related to the switching of the mouth of the river delta. The simulation results are then compared with geological records for the Mississippi River. fractals ͉ lattice model T he texture of the landscape and fluvial basins is the product of thousands of years of tectonic movement coupled with erosion and weathering caused by water flow and climatic processes. To gain insight into the time evolution of the topography, a model has to include the essential processes responsible for the changes of the landscape. In geology, the formation of river deltas and braided river streams has long been studied, describing the schematic processes for the formation of deltaic distributaries and interlevee basins (1-5). Experimental investigation of erosion and deposition has a long tradition in geology (6). Field studies have been carried out for the Mississippi River delta (7-10), the Niger River delta (11-13), and the Brahmaputra River delta (14). Laboratory experiments have also been set up in the last decades for quantitative measurements (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). For instance, in the eXperimental EarthScape (XES) project, the formation of river deltas is studied on laboratory scale, and different measurements have been carried out (20)(21)(22).Nevertheless, modeling has proven to be very difficult because the system is highly complex and a large range of time scales is involved. To simulate geological time scales, the computation power is immense and classical hydrodynamical models cannot be applied. Typically, these models are based on a continuous ansatz (e.g., shallow water equations), which describes the interaction of the physical laws for erosion, deposition, and water flow (23-28). The resulting set of partial differential equations are then solved with boundary and initial conditions using classical finite element or finite volume schemes. Unfortunately, none of these continuum models is able to simulate realistic land forms because the computational effort is much too high to reproduce the necessary resolution over realistic time scales. Therefore, in recent years, discrete models based on the idea of cellular automata have been proposed (29-34). These models consider water input on some nodes of the lattice and look for the steepest path in the landscape to distribute the flow. The sediment flow is defined as a nonlinear function of the water flow, and the erosion and deposition are obtained by the difference of the sediment inflow and outflow. This process is iterated to obtain the time evolution. In contrast to the former models, these models are fast and ...

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Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling river delta formation

Seybold

Andrade

Herrmann

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Deltas and their distributary channels are traditionally characterized as net‐depositional landscapes, i.e., systems in a state of disequilibrium (Galloway, ; Gilbert, ). Here equilibrium/grade is defined as a stable river profile, such that the water and sediment supply and base level vary around a stable value for a long period of time (Blom et al, ; Lane, 1955; Mackin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Bank Material in Setting Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry as Informed by the Selenga River Delta, Russia

Dong

Nittrouer

Czapiga

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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A semi‐empirical bankfull Shields number relation as a function of slope, bed, and bank sediment grain size is obtained based on a field data set that includes the delta of the Selenga River, Russia, and other rivers from around the globe. The new Shields number relation is used in conjunction with continuity, flow resistance, and sediment transport equations to deduce predictive relations for bankfull width, depth, and slope of sand‐bed rivers. In addition, hydraulic geometry relations are obtained specifically for the Selenga River delta. Key results of this study are as follows: (1) bankfull width is strongly dependent on water discharge and is directly related to bank sediment size; (2) bankfull shear velocity is weakly dependent on bed sediment size and is inversely related to bank sediment size; (3) sand‐bed deltas with multiple distributary channels maintain smaller bankfull Shields numbers than is typical of alluvial rivers. This analysis is the first of its kind to include bank sediment size into a predictive bankfull Shields number relation to obtain relations for bankfull hydraulic geometry. The relations presented here can be utilized in morphodynamic models that explore how fluvial and deltaic systems respond to a range of imposed conditions, such as variable base level, sediment, and water supply.

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“…The Pearl River delta (PRD), located in southern China, is the third‐largest estuarine delta in China after the Yangtze and Yellow River Deltas, in terms of delta plain area. Following the terminology of Galloway (), the PRD can be classified as a tide‐dominated system. For the last 6 ka, during the Holocene sea‐level highstand, the delta has prograded more than 160 km seaward because of the voluminous supply of sediment from the Pearl River.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene delta evolution and sediment flux of the Pearl River, southern China

Wang

et al. 2016

J Quaternary Science

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Delta progradation and sediment flux of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), southern China, during the Holocene are presented based on analyses of borehole data on the delta plain. Results indicate that the delta prograded into the drowned valley because of early Holocene inundation from 9 to 6 cal ka BP, as sea‐level rise decelerated. The sea level reached its present level at about 6 cal ka BP and, as a consequence, a large portion of the drowned valley was covered by the estuary, with more than 160 rock islands and platforms. The scattered landmasses promoted active deposition and acted as deposition nuclei during deltaic evolution. Consequently, apart from exhibiting a general tendency towards progression, PRD development occurred less regularly over time and space because of deposition around island boundaries. During the last 2 ka, mainly because of significantly increased human activities, which have trapped sediments in the encircled tidal flats along the front of delta plains, the shoreline has advanced rapidly. Estimated sediment fluxes for the three periods (9–6, 6–2 and 2–0 cal ka BP), based on the sediment volume analysis, were 17–25, 22–30 and 44–58 million t a−1, respectively.

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Depositional Systems and Facies Within a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling river delta formation

Modeling river delta formation

Roles of Bank Material in Setting Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry as Informed by the Selenga River Delta, Russia

Holocene delta evolution and sediment flux of the Pearl River, southern China

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