Depositional records of plutonium and 137Cs released from Nagasaki atomic bomb in sediment of Nishiyama reservoir at Nagasaki

Saito‐Kokubu, Yoko; Yasuda, Kenichiro; Magara, Masaaki; Miyamoto, Yoshinari; Sakurai, S.; Usuda, Shigekazu; Yamazaki, Hideo; Nagaoka, Shinji; Mitamura, Muneki; Inoue, Jun; Murakami, Akiko

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.010

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…However, the onset of local 137Cs flux to the site could potentially begin as early as 1945 AD due to the WWII atomic bombing of nearby Nagasaki, Japan, located approximately 100 km north of the site (Kudo et al, 1991;Saito-Kokubu et al, 2008). For radioisotope analysis, approximately 2.0 g of powdered sediment samples were placed in 2.54 cm diameter plastic jars and counted on a Canberra GCW4023S coaxial germanium well detector for 24-48 h. Activities for 13 7 Cs were computed spectroscopically from the 661.7 keV photopeak.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclones within the sedimentary record : analyzing overwash deposition from event to millennial timescales

Woodruff¹

2009

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Tropical cyclone activity over the last 5000 years is investigated using overwash sediments from coastal lagoons on the islands of Vieques, Puerto Rico and Koshikijima, Japan. A simple sediment transport model can reproduce the landward fining deposits observed at Vieques, and reveals that although the record exhibits centennial-tomillennial changes in hurricane overwash frequency, the magnitude of these flooding events has remained relatively constant. Stochastic simulations of hurricane overwash show that breaks in activity at Vieques are extremely long and unlikely to occur under the current hurricane climatology and the present barrier morphology. Periods of less frequent hurricane deposition at Vieques are contemporaneous with intervals of increased El Nifio occurrences and reduced precipitation in West Africa, suggesting a dominant influence by these two climatic phenomena. Hiatuses in overwash activity between 3600-to-2500 and 1000-500 years ago are longer than what is generated by overwash simulations under a constant El Niflo-like state, indicating that mechanisms in addition to variability in the El Nifio/Southern Oscillation are required to completely produce the overwash variability at Vieques. Periods of low overwash activity at Vieques are concurrent with increased overwash activity at Kamikoshiki and may indicate a correspondence between tropical cyclone activity in the western Northern Atlantic and the western North Pacific.Thesis Supervisor:Jeffrey P. Donnelly Title:Associate Scientist, Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution AcknowledgementsAbove all, I would like to thank my advisor Jeff Donnelly. I have been extremely fortunate to have had Jeff as an advisor, and am indebted to him for his unwavering support over the course of my dissertation, both professionally and personally. I admire Jeff greatly for his scientific enthusiasm, insight, and generosity, and will always consider him a strong role model throughout my academic career. I am also grateful to Rocky Geyer, whose mentorship extends back over 14 years to when he first took me on as a Summer Student Fellow at WHOI. Rocky's help and guidance since I arrived in Woods Hole has been invaluable and I sincerely appreciate everything he has done for me. I would also like to thank David Mohrig who had been generous with both his ideas and expertise, especially with respect to the inverse modeling work described in Chapter 3, which builds upon previously unpublished research of his. Most of Chapter 4 would not have been possible without the help of Kerry Emanuel who has been extremely gracious both with his time, knowledge, and resources. I also thank Delia Oppo whose door was always open to me, and Rob Evans for agreeing to act as the chair of my defense.In addition to my committee, I would like to thank both the past and present members of the Coastal Systems Group at WHOI who I have enjoyed collaborating with immensely: Andrew Ashton, Katie Boldt, Ilya Buynevich, Zion Klos, Liviu Giosan, Maya Gomes...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclones within the sedimentary record : analyzing overwash deposition from event to millennial timescales

Woodruff¹

2009

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“…The elemental abundance and isotope ratios of environmental samples such as rocks, airborne dust, and plants are used to estimate their origin [1], date of mineral formation [2], and distribution of nuclear materials [3][4][5]. U, Th, Pb, and the lanthanides are key elements for these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is found in nature because of the detonation of Pu atomic bombs [4], atmospheric nuclear tests [5], and nuclear reactor accidents [9][10][11], among other causes. Especially for U and Pu, their origin can be identified by analyzing the isotope ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially for U and Pu, their origin can be identified by analyzing the isotope ratios. Pu amounts, along with other radionuclide concentrations, have been measured in environmental samples, such as lake sediment cores [4], ice cores [12], and tree rings [13]. These samples provide reliable chronological information, but it is difficult to determine the ultra-trace Pu contents in these samples because the Pu contents range from sub-pg kg -1 to sub-ng kg -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automatic sequential separation with an anion-exchange column for ultra-trace analysis of Pu, U, Th, Pb, and lanthanides in environmental samples

Miyamoto

Yasuda

Magara

2016

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Sequential separation of 12 pg Pu and 50 ng of U, Pu, Th, Pb, and lanthanides in a calibration solution, with [93 % yield for the objective elements, was achieved within 6.3 h by an automatic system using a small anionexchange column. The elements of interest in tree ring samples extracted from an 88-year-old pine tree were separated using this system, and 0.09 ng g -1 U was detected in the dry sample by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This separation technique is useful for ultra-trace quantitative and isotopic analyses of elements in small environmental samples.

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“…Kudo et al (1991) investigated Pu activities in surface soils around the hypocenter of the Nagasaki atomic bomb, and the highest concentration of 239+240 Pu was found at a point in the Nishiyama area, 2.8 km east of the hypocenter, where this black rain fell 25 minutes after the detonation. Saito-Kokubu et al (2008) have previously analyzed the Nishiyama reservoir sediment core, and observed high activities of 239+240 Pu and 137 Cs caused by the Nagasaki atomic bomb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nishiyama Reservoir: Lead Sources, Inventory, and the Influence of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb

Katahira

Moriwaki

Ishitake

et al. 2013

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

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Sediment core samples were obtained from Nishiyama Reservoir, 3 km east of the hypocenter of the Nagasaki atomic bomb, to evaluate both sources and inventories of lead delivery to the sediments. Using microwave digestions and ICP-MS analytical techniques, elevated concentrations of isotopically unique lead were identified in the 1945 sediment horizon. These results illustrate that the Nagasaki bomb attack can be linked with unique lead loading to the sediments in the region of the hypocenter. There is a possibility that the roll-up of in-situ lead accounted for a majority of the increase in lead flux delivered to reservoir sediments during the atomic bomb attack.

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Depositional records of plutonium and 137Cs released from Nagasaki atomic bomb in sediment of Nishiyama reservoir at Nagasaki

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Tropical cyclones within the sedimentary record : analyzing overwash deposition from event to millennial timescales

Tropical cyclones within the sedimentary record : analyzing overwash deposition from event to millennial timescales

Automatic sequential separation with an anion-exchange column for ultra-trace analysis of Pu, U, Th, Pb, and lanthanides in environmental samples

Nishiyama Reservoir: Lead Sources, Inventory, and the Influence of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb

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