Deposition of Tobacco Smoke Particles in a Low Ventilation Room

Xu, Mei; Nematollahi, Matty; Sextro, R.G.; Gadgil, Ashok; Nazaroff, William W.

doi:10.1080/02786829408959676

Cited by 96 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this study, the used deposition velocity was a combination of measurements and theoretical assumption from studies (Xu et al 1994, Thatcher et al 2002, Lai and Nazaroff 2000. The penetration factor was also calculated with other deposition velocities measured in similar chambers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is considerable uncertainty in the typical values of deposition velocities for buildings. In this study the deposition velocity used was adapted from results reported in Xu et al (1994), Thatcher et al (2002), and is extrapolated with theoretical predictions of Lai and Nazaroff (2000), the same deposition velocity is used also in Fisk et al (2002). Deposition velocity, Equation (4), used here is based on a combination of measured data from full size rooms and extrapolations consistent with theoretical predictions, and it is valid for particle diameters between 0.3 -8 µm, Figure 2. ( ) 6 58 .…”

Section: Penetration Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal spore transport through a building structure

Airaksinen¹,

Kurnitski²,

Pasanen

et al. 2004

Indoor Air

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The study carried out laboratory measurements with a full-scale timber frame structure to determine penetration of inert particles with size distribution from 0.6 to 4 µm and spores of Penicillium and Cladosporium through the structure. Pressure difference over and air leakage through the structure were varied. Measurements at moderate pressure differences resulted in the penetration factors within the range of 0.05 to 0.2 for inert particles, and indicated also the penetration of fungal spores through the structure. The measurements showed that the penetration was highly dependent on pressure difference over the structure but not on holes in surface boards of the structure. The results show that surface contacts between the frames and mineral wool may have a significant effect on penetration. The penetration was approximately constant within particle size rage of 0.6-2.5 µm, but particles with diameter of 4.0 µm did not penetrate through the structure at all even at a higher-pressure difference of 20 Pa, except in the case of direct flow-path through the structure. Results have important consequences for practical design showing that penetration of fungal spores through the building envelope is difficult to prevent by sealing. The only effective way to prevent penetration seems to be balancing or pressurizing the building. In cold climates, moisture condensation risk should be taken into account if pressure is higher indoors than outdoors. Determined penetration factors were highly dependent on the pressure difference. Mechanical exhaust ventilation needs a special consideration as de-pressurizing the building may cause health risk if there is hazardous contamination in the building envelope exists. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONSMeasurements at moderate pressure differences allowed determining penetration factors within the range of 0.05 to 0.2 for inert particles in a size range of 0.6-2.5 µm and indicative results with fungal spores confirmed the penetration through the wooden floor structure. Both measurements showed that the penetration was highly dependent on pressure difference and not dependent on holes in surface boards of the structure. The results are likely to show that surface contacts of mineral wool with other building elements may have an important role on the penetration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Penetration Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal spore transport through a building structure

Airaksinen¹,

Kurnitski²,

Pasanen

et al. 2004

Indoor Air

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“…From reported deposition rates (Xu et al, 1994) and the mass-weighted size distribution of SHS particles , we selected a size-integrated value of 0.1 h −1 for the SHS particle deposition loss-rate coefficient. Particle deposition is an appreciable but not critical removal mechanism for SHS, since total particle removal is likely to be dominated by ventilation at typical rates on the order of 0.5−1 h −1 for exchange with the outdoors and as much as 5 h −1 for exchange between rooms.…”

Section: Emissions and Smoker Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

Klepeis

Nazaroff

2006

Atmospheric Environment

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We apply a simulation model to explore the effect of a house's multicompartment character on a nonsmoker's inhalation exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). The model tracks the minute-by-minute movement of people and pollutants among multiple zones of a residence and generates SHS pollutant profiles for each room in response to room-specific smoking patterns. In applying the model, we consider SHS emissions of airborne particles, nicotine, and carbon monoxide in two hypothetical houses, one with a typical 4-room layout and one dominated by a single large space. We use scripted patterns of room-to-room occupant movement and a cohort of 5,000 activity patterns sampled from a US nationwide survey. The results for scripted and cohort simulation trials indicate that the multicompartment nature of homes, manifested as inter-room differences in pollutant levels and the movement of people among zones, can cause substantial variation in nonsmoker SHS exposure.

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“…The previous studies on particle deposition include work by Van de Vate (1972), MacMahon and Denison (1979), Offermann et al (1985), Sinclair et al (1988), Weschler and Shields (1988), Knutson (1989), Nazaroff and Cass (1989), Wu et al (1989), Xu et al (1994), Cheng Y S. (1997), and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of the Effect of Surface Deposition and Coagulation on the Dynamics of Submicrometer Particles Indoors

Jamriska

Morawska

2003

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Exposure to airborne particles indoors depends on particle concentration, which is affected by air filtration, ventilation, and particle dynamics. The aim of this work was quantitative assessment of the effects of coagulation, surface deposition, and ventilation on the submicrometer particle concentration indoors. The assessment was obtained from measured particle loss rate and deposition velocity parameters

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Deposition of Tobacco Smoke Particles in a Low Ventilation Room

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

Fungal spore transport through a building structure

Fungal spore transport through a building structure

Modeling residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

Quantitative Assessment of the Effect of Surface Deposition and Coagulation on the Dynamics of Submicrometer Particles Indoors

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