Deposition of organochlorine pesticides into the surface snow of East Antarctica

Kang, Jung-Ho; Son, Minhee; Hur, Soon Do; Hong, Sungmin; Motoyama, Hideaki; Fukui, Kotaro; Chang, Yoon Seok

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.037

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Recently, higher gas phase concentrations of PCBs for the warmer periods have been described in the atmosphere at Livingston Island, consistent with the measured volatilization of PCBs from soils and snow (Cabrerizo et al, 2013). Similarly, hexaclorocyclohexanes, (HCHs) also show higher concentrations at higher temperatures in the Antarctic atmosphere (Kang et al, 2012;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2013b). Other studies carried out in the Arctic have also shown that volatilization from seasonal snowpack is enhanced during high wind speed events, affecting the concentrations in the gas phase (Hallsall, 2004).…”

Section: Temperature Dependence Of Gas Phase Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The fate, transport and sinks of PCBs in different global regions and environments have received considerable attention during the last decades (see for example Lohmann et al, 2007). The occurrence of PCBs have also been reported in remote regions such as Antarctica and the Southern Ocean atmosphere (Tanabe et al, 1983;Iwata et al, 1993;Kallenborn et al, 1998;Fuoco et al, 1996;Montone et al, 2003Montone et al, , 2005Gambaro et al, 2005), seawater (Tanabe et al, 1983;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2013), soils (Cabrerizo et al, 2012;Kang et al, 2012) and biota (Larsson et al, 1992;BengtsonNash et al, 2008;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2013a;Cabrerizo et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013;Brault et al, 2013). The atmospheric long-range transport of PCBs occurs through successive steps of volatilization and deposition (hops) and PCBs can reach eventually Polar Regions like the Arctic and Antarctica (Wania and Mackay, 1996;Jurado and Dachs, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, reach the Southern Ocean atmosphere through long-range atmospheric transport. In this study we report the largest dataset available for the atmospheric occurrence of PCBs in the Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula from samples obtained during three cruises in 2005, 2008 and 2009. The gas phase concentrations of total PCBs ( 25 PCBs) ranged from 1 to 70 pg m −3 , while the aerosol phase concentrations were significantly lower (0.04 to 0.4 pg m −3 ). The aerosol phase is enriched in the more hydrophobic congeners consistent with the model predictions of gas-particle partitioning. There is a net airto-water diffusive flux of PCBs to the Southern Ocean, up to 100 times higher than the dry deposition flux of aerosolbound PCBs. The air-water disequilibrium is higher for the more hydrophobic congeners consistent with the role of the biological pump removing PCBs from the water column by settling of PCBs bound to organic matter. The atmospheric half-lives of PCB 52 and 180 are of 3.8 and 1 days, respectively, as calculated from the measured atmospheric concentration and depositional fluxes. The volatilization of PCBs from Antarctic soils during the austral summer drives higher gas phase concentrations in the atmosphere over Antarctica during the warmer periods. This temperature dependence is not observed for PCBs over the adjacent Southern Ocean, probably due to the importance of long-range atmospheric transport and atmospheric deposition modulating the atmospheric occurrence of PCBs.

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Section: Temperature Dependence Of Gas Phase Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2013

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“…Detailed information regarding OCPs in Antarctic soil and terrestrial vegetation is still scarce (Cabrerizo et al, 2012). High resolution gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) can provide more reliable results for POPs at trace levels compared with GC/ LRMS (Kang et al, 2012). The method detection limits (MDLs) for OCPs using HRGC/HRMS are reported at relatively low levels (0.3e2.0 pg g À1 in solid) (US EPA, 2007), which is lower than those by GC/LRMS method (US EPA, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tAntarctica is considered as a final sink of many persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This work aims to investigate the levels, distributions and potential sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with HRGC/ HRMS technique. Twenty-three OCPs were measured in various environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica. The total concentrations (S 23 OCPs) were at quite low levels, ranging 93.6 e1260 pg g À1 dry weight (dw) in soil and sediment, 223e1053 pg g À1 dw in moss and 373e812 pg g À1 dw in lichen. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (especially p,p 0 -DDE) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the main contaminants in all samples.Lower a-HCH/g-HCH and higher p,p 0 -DDE/p,p 0 -DDT ratios compared with the technical products indicated long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of recent lindane and aged technical DDT. Significant dependence of many OCPs concentrations on total organic carbon (TOC) was observed. Apart from LRAT, local biotic activities could also contribute and influence the spatial distribution of the contaminants.

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“…One of the objectives of the international expedition ITASE involved the collection and analysis of 35 samples of surface snow to determine the levels of more than 20 organochlorine pesticides (Kang et al 2012). Water volume of about 100 mL was extracted with dichloromethane, concentrated, and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry, (GC/HRMS).…”

Section: Antarctic Snowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow Samples as Markers of Air Pollution in Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Lebedev

Mazur

Polyakova

et al. 2014

Environmental Indicators

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Snow can store with minimal further modifications the air born pollutants carried by winds over long distances. The "Cold Finger" phenomenon carries the pollutants from warmer zones toward cold ones i.e., to Polar Regions and high mountains. This automatic natural sample storage keeps them in fall out layers. Mass spectrometry provides information not only on the structures of the pollutants but also on their relations and sources. This issue helps in the analysis of even distant sources of pollution, as well as the problems of transboundary transfer. Both targeted and non-targeted analyses are applicable. Examples are given to illustrate the values of these technologies in the identification of distant pollution sources in Antarctica, Canada, Greenland, Finland, Russia, etc.

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Deposition of organochlorine pesticides into the surface snow of East Antarctica

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean

Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean

Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica

Snow Samples as Markers of Air Pollution in Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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