Deposition of Inhaled Gases and Vapors

Morris, John B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404577-4.00028-x

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, aerosol composition and gas/particle partitioning could greatly influence the risk of chemical exposure and aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract. [38][39][40][41][42] However, the ways in which e-liquids form aerosol components under different vaping parameters have not been fully elucidated in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), coil material, and e-liquid formulations in third and fourth generation devices, there exists a multitude of use combinations that can influence the composition of the inhaled e-cigarette aerosol. In particular, aerosol composition and gas/particle partitioning could greatly influence the risk of chemical exposure and aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract. − However, the ways in which e-liquids form aerosol components under different vaping parameters have not been fully elucidated in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of e-Liquid Composition, Coil Temperature, and Puff Topography on the Aerosol Chemistry of Electronic Cigarettes

Burns

Tran

et al. 2021

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

E-cigarette aerosol is a complex mixture of gases and particles with a composition that is dependent on the e-liquid formulation, puffing regimen, and device operational parameters. This work investigated mainstream aerosols from a 3 rd generation device, as a function of coil temperature (315 -510 °F, correspond to 157 -266 °C), puff duration (2 -4 s), and the ratio of propylene glycol (PG) to vegetable glycerin (VG) in e-liquid (100:0 -0:100). Targeted and untargeted analyses using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, in-situ chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and gravimetry was used for chemical characterizations. PG and VG were found to be the major constituents (> 99%) in both phases of the aerosol. Most e-cigarette components were observed to be volatile or semivolatile under the conditions tested. PG was found almost entirely in the gas phase, while VG had a sizable particle component. Nicotine was only observed in the particle phase. The production of aerosol mass and carbonyl degradation products dramatically increased with higher coil temperature and puff duration, but decreased with increasing VG fraction in the e-liquid. An exception is acrolein, which increased with increasing VG. The formation of carbonyls was dominated by the heatinduced dehydration mechanism in the temperature range studied, yet radical reactions also played an important role. The findings from this study identified open questions regarding both pathways.The vaping process consumed PG significantly faster than VG under all tested conditions, suggesting that e-liquids become more enriched in VG and the exposure to acrolein significantly increases as vaping continues. It can be estimated that a 30:70 initial ratio of PG:VG in the e-liquid becomes almost entirely VG when 60-70% of e-liquid remains during the vaping process at 375 °F (191 °C). This work underscores the need for further research on the puffing lifecycle of ecigarettes.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of e-Liquid Composition, Coil Temperature, and Puff Topography on the Aerosol Chemistry of Electronic Cigarettes

Burns

Tran

et al. 2021

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3, the optimum concentration for hexane is 60% for R and E value which is 43.2% and 97.42% respectively. The dilution of hexane is done with acetone which is nonreactive, non-metabolized, low viscosity and able to mixed well with most organic solvents [44]. The least recovered yield of lipid (19.17%) is at 20% concentration of hexane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid liquid biphasic system for cell disruption and simultaneous lipid extraction from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana CY-1 for biofuel production

Yew

Chew

Malek

et al. 2019

Biotechnol Biofuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution.ResultSeveral parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard.ConclusionThe profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.

show abstract

Deposition of Inhaled Gases and Vapors

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

Impact of e-Liquid Composition, Coil Temperature, and Puff Topography on the Aerosol Chemistry of Electronic Cigarettes

Impact of e-Liquid Composition, Coil Temperature, and Puff Topography on the Aerosol Chemistry of Electronic Cigarettes

Hybrid liquid biphasic system for cell disruption and simultaneous lipid extraction from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana CY-1 for biofuel production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About