Deposition of anthropogenic compounds on monuments and their effect on airborne microorganisms

Sáiz‐Jiménez, Cesáreo

doi:10.1007/bf02450035

Cited by 91 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The reason for this instability is probably due to the presence of bacteria degrading recalcitrant compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) (Saiz-Jimenez, 1995;Ortega-Calvo and Saiz-Jimenez, 1997). Obviously these bacteria were unable to grow under laboratory conditions, where no recalcitrant compounds were added.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of phototrophic biofilms from limestone monuments under laboratory conditions

Miller

Láiz

Dionísio

et al. 2009

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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a b s t r a c tIn the current study, five phototrophic biofilms from different Southern Europe limestone monuments were characterised by molecular techniques and cultivated under laboratory conditions. Phototrophic biofilms were collected from Orologio Tower in Martano (Italy), Santa Clara-a-Velha Monastery and Ajuda National Palace, both in Portugal, and Seville and Granada Cathedrals from Spain. The biofilms were grown under laboratory conditions and periodically sampled in order to monitor their evolution over a three-month period. Prokaryotic communities from natural samples and cultivated biofilms were monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments in conjunction with clone sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. DNA-based molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments from the natural green biofilms revealed complex and different communities composition with respect to phototrophic microorganisms. The biofilms from Orologio Tower (Martano, Italy) and Santa Clara-a-Velha Monastery (Coimbra, Portugal) were dominated by the microalga Chlorella. The cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis was the dominating genus from Ajuda National Palace biofilm (Lisbon, Portugal). The biofilms from Seville and Granada Cathedrals (Spain) were both dominated by the cyanobacterium Pleurocapsa. The DGGE analysis of the cultivated biofilms showed that the communities developed differently in terms of species establishment and community composition during the threemonth incubation period. The biofilm culture from Coimbra (Portugal) showed a remarkable stability of the microbial components of the natural community in laboratory conditions. With this work, a multiple-species community assemblage was obtained for further stone colonisation experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of phototrophic biofilms from limestone monuments under laboratory conditions

Miller

Láiz

Dionísio

et al. 2009

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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“…7) as a protection against desiccation (Urzì & Realini, 1998;Tomaselli, 2003). Due to the presence of these colloidal polymeric substances, the biofilm incorporates large amounts of water into its structure, ensuring the maintenance of moisture by balancing changes in humidity and temperature, which permits cyanobacteria and algae to resist drought periods (Gó mez-Alarcó n et al , 1995; SaizJimenez, 1999;Schumann et al, 2005). These biofilms are composed of populations or communities of different micro-organisms (microalgae, cyanobacteria, bacteria and fungi) immobilized on the stone surface (substratum) and frequently embedded in an organic polymer matrix formed by EPS, such as polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, glycolipids, fatty acids and enzymes (Young et al, 2008).…”

Section: Survival Strategies Of Cyanobacteria and Algae On Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Macedo

Miller

Dionísio³

et al. 2009

Microbiology

227

130

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The presence and deteriorating action of micro-organisms on monuments and stone works of art have received considerable attention in the last few years. Knowledge of the microbial populations living on stone materials is the starting point for successful conservation treatment and control. This paper reviews the literature on cyanobacteria and chlorophyta that cause deterioration of stone cultural heritage (outdoor monuments and stone works of art) in European countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Some 45 case studies from 32 scientific papers published between 1976 and 2009 were analysed. Six lithotypes were considered: marble, limestone, travertine, dolomite, sandstone and granite. A wide range of stone monuments in the Mediterranean Basin support considerable colonization of cyanobacteria and chlorophyta, showing notable biodiversity. About 172 taxa have been described by different authors, including 37 genera of cyanobacteria and 48 genera of chlorophyta. The most widespread and commonly reported taxa on the stone cultural heritage in the Mediterranean Basin are, among cyanobacteria, Gloeocapsa, Phormidium and Chroococcus and, among chlorophyta, Chlorella, Stichococcus and Chlorococcum. The results suggest that cyanobacteria and chlorophyta colonize a wide variety of substrata and that this is related primarily to the physical characteristics of the stone surface, microclimate and environmental conditions and secondarily to the lithotype. IntroductionStone monuments, statues and historic buildings are exposed to the effects of physical, chemical and biological deteriorating factors. This review will focus on the damage caused by micro-organisms, in a process referred to as biodeterioration. Stone works of art can be colonized by different groups of micro-organisms, including bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae and fungi. Microbial populations present in a stone substratum are usually the result of successive colonization by different micro-organisms that has taken place over several years. It is a process that relies upon the capacity of a substratum to provide a protective niche on which micro-organisms can develop. According to several authors, cyanobacteria and chlorophyta (green algae) are considered the pioneering inhabitants in the colonization of stone (Ortega-Calvo et al., 1991;Tiano et al., 1995; Cecchi et al., 2000;Lamenti et al., 2000;Tomaselli et al., 2000b;Crispim & Gaylarde, 2005). Due to their photoautotrophic nature, these micro-organisms develop easily on stone surfaces, giving rise to coloured patinas and incrustations ( Fig. 1) (Tomaselli et al., 2000b). Identifying the micro-organisms involved in biodeterioration is one of the most important steps in the study of the microbial ecology of monumental stones. It can help us to understand the microbial biodiversity, the phases of colonization and the relationship among populations on the surfaces and between micro-organisms and substrata.Here we review the occurrence of cyanobacteria and green algae identified on stone monuments, statues and histo...

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“…Under these conditions, heterotrophic bacteria could be the primary colonizers of buildings [5,62]. Adsorbed pollutants are composed by an ensemble of organic materials, including fatty acids and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and these obviously accelerate both aesthetically and chemically modification of the nature of the surfaces [63]. Fungi have been found infrequently as the major biomass on stone.…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the influence of biological deterioration on the surface properties of building materials: organisms, materials, and methods

Ferrari¹,

Santunione²,

Libbra³

et al. 2015

Int. J. DNE

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A strong attention is recently paid to surface properties of building materials as these allows controlling solar gains of the building envelope and overheating of buildings and urban areas. In this regard, deterioration phenomena due to biological aggression can quickly damage solar-reflecting roof surfaces and thus increase sharply solar gains, discomfort, air-conditioning costs and waterproofing degradation. The same deterioration problem has deleterious effect on cultural heritage, ruining its huge historic and artistic value. This work is aimed at providing an overview on the different organisms that affect the surface of most used building materials, to support the design of new building materials with long-lasting surface properties and to find a way to preserve cultural heritage. Artificial ageing is the long-term aim of this investigation, in which what in nature happens after months or years is compressed in a very short time by forcing the growth of microorganisms through a strict control on the different conditioning factors. Both natural and artificial ageing are eventually outlined in the last part of this work to provide a comprehensive idea of what is necessary to study in a complete way biological ageing protocols on building materials. Several characterization techniques are also introduced to analyse the influence of microorganisms on the surface of different building materials.

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Deposition of anthropogenic compounds on monuments and their effect on airborne microorganisms

Cited by 91 publications

References 54 publications

Growth of phototrophic biofilms from limestone monuments under laboratory conditions

Growth of phototrophic biofilms from limestone monuments under laboratory conditions

Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Review on the influence of biological deterioration on the surface properties of building materials: organisms, materials, and methods

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