Depolymerization and Activation of Lignin: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives

Kłapiszewski, Łukasz; Szalaty, Tadeusz Jan; Jesionowski, Teofil

doi:10.5772/intechopen.70376

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Currently, the main industrial practice is to use this valuable natural resource for heat and energy purposes [48][49][50][51] and less than 2 % is utilized in valued-added applications [47], such as dispersants, reinforcement materials, and adhesives. The main difficulty in using lignin as a binder in wood-based panels is its introduction, retention and activation [52][53][54]. At present, a solution to this problem is sought mainly by modification of lignin [55,56], including its enzymatic treatment [57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Hot-Pressing Regime in the Production of Eco-Friendly Fibreboards Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin

Valchev

Yordanov

Savov

et al. 2021

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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This research was aimed at studying the potential of using residual lignin from acid hydrolysis as a binder in manufacturing eco-friendly, dry-process fibreboards. For that purpose, a modification of the adhesive system and hot-pressing regime was conducted. The adhesive system applied was composed of 2 % phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and 10 % hydrolysis lignin (based on the dry fibres). The PF resin does not only act as a binder but generally contributes to the even distribution and good retention of the main binder – hydrolysis lignin. A specific hot-pressing cycle was used. In the first stage, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, followed by an increased pressure of 4.0 MPa, and subsequent cooling. The purpose of the initial lower pressure was softening the lignin and reduction of the material moisture content. The effect of the second stage of hot-pressing on the properties of eco-friendly fibreboards was investigated. It was determined that the fibreboards produced with 2 % PF resin and 10 % hydrolysis lignin have similar physical and mechanical properties to those of the control panels, produced with 10 % PF resin at a standard hot-pressing cycle. The findings of this work demonstrate that residual hydrolysis lignin can be effectively utilized as a binder in the production of eco-friendly, dry-process fibreboards with acceptable physical and mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Hot-Pressing Regime in the Production of Eco-Friendly Fibreboards Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin

Valchev

Yordanov

Savov

et al. 2021

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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“…Replacing petrochemically derived aromatic monomers can be achieved by using lignin as a source of aromatic constituents. Lignin depolymerization, the process to obtain low-molecular-weight compounds from lignin is a widely explored field [17,38]. Phenolic LMCs such as vanillin, guaiacols, catechols, and cresols afforded by lignin depolymerization supports the prospect of polymerizable LMCs.…”

Section: Lignin-derived Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Biopolymers in the Age of Controlled Polymerization

2019

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Polymers made from natural biomass are gaining interest due to the rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources. Lignin isolated from lignocellulosic biomass is the second most abundant natural polymer next to cellulose. The paper pulp process produces industrial lignin as a byproduct that is mostly used for energy and has less significant utility in materials applications. High abundance, rich chemical functionalities, CO2 neutrality, reinforcing properties, antioxidant and UV blocking abilities, as well as environmental friendliness, make lignin an interesting substrate for materials and chemical development. However, poor processability, low reactivity, and intrinsic structural heterogeneity limit lignins′ polymeric applications in high-performance advanced materials. With the advent of controlled polymerization methods such as ATRP, RAFT, and ADMET, there has been a great interest in academia and industry to make value-added polymeric materials from lignin. This review focuses on recent investigations that utilize controlled polymerization methods to generate novel lignin-based polymeric materials. Polymers developed from lignin-based monomers, various polymer grafting technologies, copolymer properties, and their applications are discussed.

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“…These phenomena increase the amount of larger molecules and decrease the shorter molecular chain content, leading to an increase of the generated polyol viscosity and IOH. When comparing the properties of the polyols produced from the isolated lignin with the ones produced from depolymerized lignins (formulation 30/70), the main observed differences could be associated with their chemical structure dissimilarities; namely, the latter ones were lignins formed of shorter molecular fragments (they suffered chemical cleavage), lower functionality (removal of functional groups occurred during oxidation), and also molecules resulting from repolymerization reactions that might occur during the oxidation process [10,27]. This fact leads to fewer available sites for the propylene oxide grafting per molecule in the depolymerized lignins, as schematically represented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Lignin-based Polyolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Lignin Side-Streams into Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams—A Contribution to the Pulp and Paper Industry Biorefinery

et al. 2021

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Valorization of industrial low-value side-streams are of great interest, contributing to boosts in the circular economy. In this context, lignin side-streams of the pulp and paper industry were oxypropylated to produce biobased polyols and tested in the synthesis of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams. E. globulus lignins, namely a lignin isolated from an industrial Kraft black liquor and depolymerized lignins obtained as by-products of an oxidation process, were used. RPU foams, synthesized with 100% lignin-based polyols and using a 1.1 NCO/OH ratio, were characterized concerning apparent density, morphology, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and heat release rate (HRR). Foams containing the lignin-based polyols presented densities varying from 44.7 to 112.2 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity in the range of 37.2–49.0 mW/mK. For the reference foam (sample produced with 100% wt. Daltofoam TP 32015 polyol), values of 70.9 kg/m3 and 41.1 mW/mK were obtained, respectively. The achieved results point out the viability of using the generated lignin-based polyols at 100% content in RPU foams, mainly when depolymerized lignins are used. Moreover, fire retardancy was favored when the lignin-based polyols were introduced. The proposed strategies can contribute to establishing the integrated pulp and paper biorefinery concept where material synthesis (polyols and RPU foams) can be combined with chemical production (vanillin and syringaldehyde).

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Depolymerization and Activation of Lignin: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Optimization of the Hot-Pressing Regime in the Production of Eco-Friendly Fibreboards Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin

Optimization of the Hot-Pressing Regime in the Production of Eco-Friendly Fibreboards Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin

Lignin Biopolymers in the Age of Controlled Polymerization

Valorization of Lignin Side-Streams into Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams—A Contribution to the Pulp and Paper Industry Biorefinery

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