Deployment stress, tobacco use, and postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder: Gender differences.

Abstract

We found a dose-dependent relationship between deployment stress and adoption and escalation of tobacco use; the stressors that provoked initiation and escalation of tobacco use differed by gender. Continued tobacco use after deployment was associated with PTSD in women suggesting that women used tobacco more selectively than men to regulate negative affect. Implications of this work are that training before combat and during combat on healthy means of coping with deployment stress is needed to prevent tobacco use. For women, reducing harassment stress during deployment and early treatment of acute stress and PTSD during and soon after deployment may prevent intractable tobacco use.

A pandemia da COVID-19 e as mudanças no estilo de vida dos brasileiros adultos: um estudo transversal, 2020

“…Genderbased differences have also be found by other studies, according to which women have recourse to smoking more frequently than men, as a way of compensating for negative affect. 24 Another study pointed to tobacco consumption and its relationship with worse effects of the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, 25 given that cardiovascular diseases or respiratory diseases, apart from their progression being worse among smokers, have been associated with poorer prognosis among people with COVID-19. As such, special care must be provided to this group, given its increased risk of progressing to the severe form of the disease.…”

Veterans' Likelihood of Reporting Cardiovascular Disease

“…39 In addition, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan relied more heavily on service members from National Guard and Reserve units that, in general, have a lower state of military preparedness 32 and less access to military institutional support mechanisms such as Family Readiness Groups that provide crucial social, economic, and emotional support before, during, and after deployment. 40 Emerging evidence suggests increased risks to health for Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who seem to have higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use, 32,41,42 known risk factors for CVD, and to early onset mortality. Interestingly, the effects of tobacco and alcohol use seem to marginally affect the likelihood of veterans reporting higher rates of CVD conditions than nonveterans when controlling for age; this has been documented elsewhere.…”

¿Se observarán cambios en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco durante el confinamiento por COVID-19?

“…Sin embargo, al igual que en el caso del alcohol (Sánchez-Autet et al, 2018), se ha planteado la posibilidad de que ese consumo esté mediado por síntomas depresivos o trastornos de estrés postraumático (Ben-Zur y Zeidner, 2009; Jiménez-Treviño et al, 2019; Gross, Bastian, Smith, Harpaz-Rotem y Hoff, 2020). También se han observado diferencias en función del género, concretamente parece que las mujeres recurren al consumo de tabaco para regular el afecto negativo con mayor frecuencia que los hombres (Japuntich et al, 2016).…”