Depletion of ARGs in antibiotic-resistance Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus in hospital urines by electro and photo-electro disinfection

Treatment of hospital wastewater by electron beam technology: Removal of COD, pathogenic bacteria and viruses

“…Disinfection is thus considered as necessary measure to control the spread of virus and to mitigate the potential health risk ( Ilyas et al, 2020 ). To date, the common disinfection processes include chlorination, UV, ozone and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) ( Herraiz-Carboné et al, 2021a ; Herraiz-Carboné et al, 2021b ; Herraiz-Carboné et al, 2022a ; Herraiz-Carboné et al, 2022b ). Chlorination could completely inactivate bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, but partially inactivate virus ( Tree et al, 2003 ).…”