Bioflocculants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated under axenic conditions. C. reinhardtii was found to produce significant amounts of bioflocculants. Flocculating activity by C. reinhardtii began in the linear phase of growth and continued until the end of the stationary phase. The highest flocculating efficiency of the culture broth was 97.06%. The purified C. reinhardtii bioflocculant was composed of 42.1% (w/w) proteins, 48.3% carbohydrates, 8.7% lipids, and 0.01% nucleic acid. The optimum condition for bioflocculant production of C. reinhardtii was as follows: under temperature of 15°C to 25°C, pH 6-10 and illumination of 40-60 μmol photons m −2 s −1 . The bioflocculants produced by C. reinhardtii showed maximum activity in pH ranges from 2 to 10. The flocculating activity was significantly enhanced by the addition of CaCl 2 as a coflocculant at an optimal concentration of 4.5 mM.
The properties of an ideal Fermi gas in an external potential in any dimensional space are studied, based on the semiclassical ͑Thomas-Fermi͒ approximation. The general analytical expressions of the total particle number N, density of states D(), Fermi energy E F , total energy E, and heat capacity C have been derived, where N, E, and C are expressed by the Fermi integration. Moreover, the analytical expressions of the total energy E, chemical potential , and heat capacity C in the high-and low-temperature approximations are given. From these results, how the characteristics of the Fermi gas depend on an external potential and the dimension of space is discussed. ͓S1050-2947͑98͒02508-6͔
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