Depletion effects at phase boundaries in 2205 duplex stainless steel characterized with SKPFM and TEM/EDS

Sathirachinda, Namurata; Pettersson, Rachel; Pan, Jinshan

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.012

Cited by 176 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, for the scope of the present work it was assumed in the first approximation that the global effect of all SPs (σ + χ) on the mechanical properties of DSS 2055 were the same as if caused by the only σ phase. This hypothesis is supported by the thermodynamic calculations of Sathirachinda et al [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…According to the XRD results, the σ phase was observed in all the examined samples, with different morphology depending on the specific heat treatment (Figure 4). In DSS, the annealing temperature affects the σ phase formation in two ways [35][36][37][38][39]: on the one hand, a higher temperature causes an increase of ferrite grain size, reducing the potential number of nucleation sites which, in turn, reduces the tendency of σ phase formation; on the other hand, the percentage of ferrite increases with temperature and this promotes the formation of the σ phase during annealing. In the samples treated at 750 • C the σ phase forms at α/γ interfaces through a heterogeneous nucleation process (Figure 4a) and grows in a "coral-like" morphology ( Figure 4b).…”

Section: Microstructure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flat-Top Cylinder Indenter Examination of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 after Different Heat Treatments

Angella

Fava

Montanari

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:The duplex stainless steel 2205 was heat treated at 750 • C, 850 • C, and 900 • C for increasing durations of up to 10 h. The samples were investigated through light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize the volume fraction and morphology of the precipitated secondary phases. The samples were then tested via flat-top cylinder indenter for mechanical characterization (FIMEC) testing to determine the yield stresses that were found to be significantly affected by the different heat treatments. The yield stress evolution with heat treatments resulted in being correlated to both the relative volumes of the secondary phases and the morphology of the σ phase. The FIMEC test proved to be capable of detecting the effects of small amounts of secondary phases on yield stress in DSS 2205 and seems to be a promising technique for industrial applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Microstructure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat-Top Cylinder Indenter Examination of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 after Different Heat Treatments

Angella

Fava

Montanari

et al. 2017

Metals

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“…The ferrite phase, being ferromagnetic, exhibits a worm-like strip magnetic pattern, whereas the austenite, being paramagnetic, presents uniform contrast in the image. The differences in the contrast within the ferrite phase are most likely due to different crystallographic and domain orientations [23]. It can be observed from Fig.…”

Section: °C the Eds Point Analysis Was Performed In The Marked Phasementioning

confidence: 56%

Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: Influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature

Bettini

Kivisäkk

Leygraf

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Electrochimica Acta. This paper has been peerreviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Bettini, E., Kivisäkk, U., Leygraf, C., Pan, J. [Year unknown!] Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature. Electrochimica ActaAccess to the published version may require subscription. AbstractChromium nitrides may precipitate in duplex stainless steels during processing and their influence on the corrosion behavior is of great importance for the steel performance. In this study, the influence of nanosized quenched-in chromium nitrides on the corrosion behavior of a heat treated 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated at room temperature and 50 °C (just above critical pitting temperature). The microstructure was characterized by SEM/EDS and AFM analyses, and quenched-in nitrides precipitated in the ferrite phase were identified by TEM analysis. Volta potential mapping at room temperature suggests lower relative nobility of the ferrite matrix. Electrochemical polarization and in-situ AFM measurements in 1 M NaCl solution at room temperature show a passive behavior of the steel despite the presence of the quenched-in nitrides in the ferrite phase, and preferential dissolution of ferrite phase occurred only at transpassive conditions. At 50 °C, selective dissolution of the austenite phase was observed, while the ferrite phase with the quenched-in nitrides remained to be stable. It can be concluded that the finely dispersed quenched-in nitrides do not cause localized corrosion, whereas the exposure temperature has a strong influence on the corrosion behavior of the duplex stainless steel.

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“…The correlation between this phase and impact energy has been reported [7,61,62]. As already stated, sigma phase presents high hardness (around 900 HV) [12][13][14], which can compromise the material toughness [4,7,15]. According to Fargas et al [61], as the precipitation of sigma phase increases, cracks occur preferentially in the contours of sigma phase particles oriented in the rolling direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be noted that, even with the random distribution of sigma phase in the material, the induced magnetic field allows the detection of this phase. In addition, a small percentage of chi phase also precipitated in duplex and super duplex steels from ferrite phase for aging temperatures between 700 and 900 • C [7,12]. Figure 4 depicts the fracture surfaces analyzed from SEM of the samples with different amounts of sigma phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Induced Magnetic Field Signals for the Microstructural Characterization of Sigma Phase in Duplex Stainless Steels

Silva

Marinho

Filho

et al. 2016

Metals

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Duplex stainless steels present excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. However, when heat treated at temperatures above 600 • C, the undesirable tertiary sigma phase is formed. This phase presents high hardness, around 900 HV, and it is rich in chromium, the material toughness being compromised when the amount of this phase is not less than 4%. This work aimed to develop a solution for the detection of this phase in duplex stainless steels through the computational classification of induced magnetic field signals. The proposed solution is based on an Optimum Path Forest classifier, which was revealed to be more robust and effective than Bayes, Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine based classifiers. The induced magnetic field was produced by the interaction between an applied external field and the microstructure. Samples of the 2205 duplex stainless steel were thermal aged in order to obtain different amounts of sigma phases (up to 18% in content). The obtained classification results were compared against the ones obtained by Charpy impact energy test, amount of sigma phase, and analysis of the fracture surface by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The proposed solution achieved a classification accuracy superior to 95% and was revealed to be robust to signal noise, being therefore a valid testing tool to be used in this domain.

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Depletion effects at phase boundaries in 2205 duplex stainless steel characterized with SKPFM and TEM/EDS

Cited by 176 publications

References 43 publications

Flat-Top Cylinder Indenter Examination of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 after Different Heat Treatments

Flat-Top Cylinder Indenter Examination of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 after Different Heat Treatments

Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: Influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature

Classification of Induced Magnetic Field Signals for the Microstructural Characterization of Sigma Phase in Duplex Stainless Steels

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