“…Conversely, female subjects who usually abuse zolpidem, are those suffering from iatrogenic insomnia or secondary to a minor psychiatric disorder (i.e., mild depression, dysthymia, or anxiety) (see Table 1) [53][54][55][56][57]. On the other hand, the second category (group C), which we may denominate "subjects who seek euphoric and disinhibiting zolpidem effect", is represented by younger subjects with severe dependence, who consume zolpidem at high supratherapeutic doses or intravenously, due to its paradoxical amphetamine/cocainelike effect and, hence, mainly for recreational purposes [22,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. Furthermore, zolpidem appears to be frequently consumed in association with other drugs of abuse (i.e., alcohol, cocaine, heroin, cannabis) or other prescription drugs (i.e., quetiapine, SSRIs, etc.)…”