Dependence of particle morphology and size on the mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine

Song, Xiaolan; Wang, Yi; An, Chongwei; Guo, Xiaode; Li, Fengsheng

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.009

Cited by 132 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, the three-dimensional network structure of the gel can absorb and dissipate the heat and vibration produced by external stimuli. Meanwhile, it can also dissipate the impact forces and reduce the number of the hot spots [10] (the small localized high-temperature regions which were formed by adiabatic compression of intercrystalline as well as intracrystalline voids or cracks [11]), comparing to the traditional energetic materials. For example, the energetic composite materials based on polyurethane gel were prepared with NC, THMNM, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as precursors [12] after cross-linking with isocyanate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of RDX/GAP nano-composite energetic materials

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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Fuel or oxidant composites were trapped in the holes of poly(azide glycidyl ether) (GAP) gel skeleton network on nano-scale, which could effectively increase the contact area, decrease the transport distance, and make the energy release more close to the ideal state to achieve the maximum power of energetic materials. In this study, GAP gels with three dimensional nano-network structures were prepared by sol-gel method using GAP as precursors and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as curing agent. The obtained gels were well characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET).The results showed that the specific surface area and dominant pore size were about 41.78 m 2 /g and 5~30 nm, respectively. Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) could be crystallized in the pore of GAP gel skeleton, so RDX/GAP nanocomposite materials were prepared by solute crystallization in combination with a modified drying technology. The average grain size of RDX in GAP network was 20~46 nm. With the increase of the loadings of RDX, the specific surface area of GAP/RDX nano-composite materials decreased, and the thermal decomposition temperature of RDX in RDX/GAP nanocomposite materials decreased by 33~37°C. The decomposition heat and explosion heat of RDX(40 wt%)/GAP nanocomposite materials were higher by over 13.9 and 19.3 % than those of RDX(40 wt%)/GAP physical blend materials, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity of RDX(40 wt%)/GAP nano-composite materials was lower than that of physical blend materials according to the results from our impact sensitivity test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of RDX/GAP nano-composite energetic materials

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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“…Researchers from different study groups have adopted recrystallization or coating technologies to desensitize existing explosives [12][13][14][15], and several strategies have been developed for the creation of polymer coated core-shell microcapsules, but the most commonly applied and industrially relevant method is in situ polymerization [16,17]. With RDX as the core material, a water soluble protein for cyst wall microcapsules were prepared through single coacervation by Lee Jiangcun et al [18] in 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of PMMA/HMX-based Microcapsules via in situ Polymerization

Jia

Hou

Tan

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:Microcapsule technology was applied with nitramine explosives to improve their performance. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) was selected for the fabrication of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) based microcapsules. The PMMA/HMX-based microcapsules were prepared via a facile in situ polymerization of PMMA on the surface of the HMX crystals. Structural characterization of the PMMA/HMX microcapsules was studied systematically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fouriertransform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and their thermal durability as well as their mechanical sensitivities were measured. The results indicated that spherical microcapsules were formed, with PMMA as the capsule wall and HMX as the core material. The SEM results showed that the grains of the PMMA/HMX microcapsules were spherical and that the particle distribution was homogeneous. XRD and FT-IR analyses indicated that the HMX polymorph was preserved in the optimal β-form during the whole preparative process. The DSC results showed that the PMMA/HMX microcapsules had better thermal decomposition performance, and that the apparent activation energy of the microcapsules had increased by 47.3 kJ/mol compared to the recrystallized HMX, and its thermal stability had greatly improved. In addition, the drop height (H50) had increased from 30.45 cm to 58.49 cm, an increase of 65.81%. Thus, microcapsule technology will have a very wide range of applications in reducing the sensitivity of high energy materials in the future.

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“…The co-crystals formed presented polyhedral shapes and their particle sizes were approximately 20-30 μm [14]. In terms of reducing the mechanical sensitivity [15][16][17] and improving the reaction rate [18][19][20], ultrafine explosive particles have an advantage over large ones. Thus far, ultrafine CL-20/HMX and CL-20/TNT explosive co-crystals have been prepared through the spray flash evaporation process [21,22], whereas nano CL-20/HMX co-crystals have been synthesized through the ultrasonic spray-assisted electrostatic adsorption method [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafine HMX/TATB Explosive Co-crystals

An¹,

Li²,

Ye³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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An explosive co-crystal of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) was prepared by the ball milling method. The raw materials and co-crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. Impact and friction sensitivity of the co-crystals were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the HMX/TATB co-crystals are spherical in shape and 100-300 nm in size. The co-crystals are different from anintimate mixture of HMX/TATB and they exhibit a new co-crystal structure. HMX/TATB co-crystals are formed by N-O···H hydrogen bonding between −NO2 (HMX) and −NH2 (TATB). The drop height of ultrafine HMX/TATB explosive co-crystals is 12.7 cm higher than that of ultrafine HMX, whilst the explosion probability of friction is 20% lower than that of ultrafine HMX. Ultrafine HMX/TATB explosive co-crystals are difficult to initiate under impact and friction conditions.

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Dependence of particle morphology and size on the mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine

Cited by 132 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis and properties of RDX/GAP nano-composite energetic materials

Synthesis and properties of RDX/GAP nano-composite energetic materials

Fabrication and Characterization of PMMA/HMX-based Microcapsules via in situ Polymerization

Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafine HMX/TATB Explosive Co-crystals

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