“…The prognostic value of DNA content in bladder cancer has been assessed in many studies. [8][9][10][11] The flow cytometric DNA analysis has been recommended for use only in patients with a tumour, a past history of tumour or a strong suspicion of a tumour, but not for routine screening for bladder cancer. 12 More recent trials relied on markers in urine, such as nuclear matrix proteins (NMP)-22, BLCA-4, bladder tumour antigens, fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, telomerase, hyalouronic acid, hyaluronidase and cytokeratins.…”