Diagnostic performance of the urinary bladder carcinoma antigen ELISA test and multiparametric DNA/cytokeratin flow cytometry in urine voided samples from patients with bladder carcinoma

Clonality of multifocal urothelial carcinomas: 10 years of molecular genetic studies

“…Migration of tumor cells through the entire ureter appears to be very unlikely because of the spatial distance between the lesions. 21,23,27,50 -52 Viable tumor cells will be shed from the primary tumor and can be detected in the urine through microscopy, flow cytometry 53,54 or molecular genetic methods such as p53 mutation analysis, 10 LOH analysis 13 or fluorescence in situ hybridization. 55,56 Van der Poel et al 57 reported a woman with a renal pelvic carcinoma developing urothelial tumors in the urethra as well as in the epithelium of the vagina and cervix uteri, underlining the ability of the urothelial tumor cells to attach and grow at various sites after transportation in fluids.…”

Urine‐based Biomarkers

“…119 False-positive results were observed in seven of 65 samples from patients with bladder cancer receiving intravesical BCG, usually owing to urinary tract infection. 161 Using a cutoff point of 1 for urinary bladder cancer to provide the same specificity as BTA stat for identifying new cancers provided a lower sensitivity for urinary bladder cancer (60%) than for BTA stat (75%) or NMP22 (65%). 161 Using a cutoff point of 1 for urinary bladder cancer to provide the same specificity as BTA stat for identifying new cancers provided a lower sensitivity for urinary bladder cancer (60%) than for BTA stat (75%) or NMP22 (65%).…”

“…143 Boman and colleagues found a "disappointingly low sensitivity" (65%) for detection of recurrence for cancers of small size and low grade. 135,159,161,162 Pyuria and hematuria significantly affect the level of urinary NMP22 and could lead to false-positive results, 162 but the majority of those followed for bladder cancer correlated with recurrences. 157 However, the sensitivity and specificity of NMP22, reported by Grossman et al, were 56% and 85%, respectively, compared to 16% and 99% for cytology.…”

Nichtinvasive Urindiagnostik des Harnblasenkarzinoms

“…Die Kombination von NMP22 und CYFRA 21-1 wurde als vielversprechendster Marker beschrieben. Eine wesentliche Verstärkung der diagnostischen Sensitivität wurde darüber hinaus für die Kombination von UBC und Ploiditäts-Bestimmung beschrieben [55].…”