Deoxynivalenol and Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Spring Cereals

Abstract

A single isolate of Fnsurinm grumineurnm (DAOM 178148) was used to infect experimentdy 9 spring wheat, 5 rye and 6 triticale cultivars and the resulting amounts of fungal biomass (determined as ergosterol), deoxynivalenol and other mycotoxins at the same stage of development were compared.Resistant cultivars of wheat, rye and triticde contained low concentrations of deoxynivalenol (mean 0.6ppm) in the kernels, whereas susceptible cultivars of wheat and viticale contained much higher concentrations (mean 10.2 ppm). The corresponding chaffs contained ca. 8 fold higher concentrations. Higher ergosterol concentrations in the susceptible cultivars showed that these cultivm had lower resistance to hyphal invasion. Ergosterol to dcoxynivalenol ratios in the susceptible cultivars averaged c11. 2,4 and were much higher in the resistant, averaging ccl. 12 and cu. 240 for the wheat and rye, respectively. The data suggest that resistant cultivars have factors that prevent synthesis md/or promote degradation of dcoxynivalenol. Zearalenonc was not detected in any smple and 15acctyldeoxynivalenol was noted only in the chaff of the most susceptible wheat cultivu. Zusammenfassung Deoxynivalenol und die Resistcnz gegen Fus;rrium-Taubfhrigkeit bci SommergctreideEin cinsclnes Isoht von Fnsuriwm gruminearnm (DAOM 178148) wurde eingesctzt, urn experimentell 9 Sommcrweizen-, 5 Roggen-und 6 Triticde KuItivare zu hfizieren und die rich ergebcnden Mengcn pilzlichcr Biomasse (bestimmt ds Ergosterol), Deoxynivalenol und lndere Mycotoxine sum gleichen Enrwicklungsstand LU vergleichen. Resistente Kdtivare von Weisen, Roggen und Triticale enthielten geringe Konzcntrationen von Deorynivalenol (Durchschnin 0,6 ppm) in den Kiirnern, whrend anfdlige Kultivare von Weizen und T n t i~d e wesentlich hohere Konzenuationen (Durchschnitt 10,2 ppm) enthielten. Das cntsprechcnde Stmh enthielt ca. 8md hohwe Konzentrationen. Hiihere Konzcntration von Ergosterol den anfagen Kultivaren teigten, d d diere Kultivue cine geringere Resistenz gegeniiber der Hypheninvasion hatten. Das Verhdiltnis -0~terol U.S. w g h c clunn~r Center cod.

Mycotoxins in small grains and maize: Old problems, new challenges

“…There is a long history of the use of models to predict crop diseases, including Fusarium head blight (De Wolf et al 2003;Del Ponte et al 2005;Carranza et al 2007) however, there are comparatively few reports on models predicting the potential for mycotoxins in field crops -the most useful being developed Schaafsma and colleagues (Hooker et al 2002;Schaafsma et al 2006;Schaafsma and Hooker 2008). These models need to be developed against a large background dataset of DON and weather within a particular area as the relationship between disease symptoms and toxin accumulation is cultivar-specific (Miller et al 1984;Paul et al 2006). Such work has also been attempted for Gibberella ear rot (Mansfield et al 2006).…”

Response to Fusarium culmorum inoculation in barley

“…Several authors (Miller et al 1985;Bay et al 2004) have demonstrated a close linear relationship between seed infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin concentration level. Higher incidence of Fusarium leads to increased foaming of beer, which is unfavourable from the consumer's point of view (Urrea et al 2005).…”

Efficacy of Biological Control and Cultivar Resistance on <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight and T-2 Toxin Contamination in Wheat

“…Contamination of wheat grains from commercial wheat cultivars and lines under test with T-2 toxin poses a threat to food and feed industry. Past research has shown that the most promising and effective strategy of managing FHB and the associated toxins is by the use of varieties that resist mould growth and mycotoxin production [51][52][53]. Therefore, further breeding efforts are required to improve lines and cultivars with promising resistance to FHB and T2-toxin contamination.…”