Deoxycholic Acid and Risks of Cardiovascular Events, ESKD, and Mortality in CKD: The CRIC Study

Frazier, Rebecca; Cai, Xuan; Lee, Jung Hwa; Bundy, Joshua D; Jovanovich, Anna; Chen, Jing; Deo, Rajat; Lash, James P.; Anderson, Amanda H.; Go, Alan S.; Feldman, Harold I.; Shafi, Tariq; Rhee, Eugene P.; Miyazaki, Masaru; Chonchol, Michel; Isakova, Tamara

doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2021.09.004

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this sense, two previous systematic reviews of prospective studies on BCAAs, found higher levels associated with increased risk of CVD [9] and ischemic stroke [16], whereas tryptophan levels were inversely associated with CVD risk [9]. Regarding secondary bile acids, SCFAs and indole derivatives, evidence from some, but not all, prospective studies suggest that these metabolites are associated with CV outcomes [9,[28][29][30][31][32], and to our knowledge, no systematic review has been conducted on these metabolites yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The main characteristics of the 21 selected articles [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]36,[38][39][40][41][42] are summarized in Table 1. Most of them (n = 18) were published in the last five years (2022-2018), while none were published before 2015.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, the studies included 58,691 participants and the number of cases in the single studies ranged from 32 to 4791. In 14 articles participants were free of CVD at baseline [18,[21][22][23][24][27][28][29][30][31][32]36,39,40] but two of them were conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) [18,22] and two studies in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients [31,32]. On the other hand, in seven articles participants had at least one CVD condition [19,20,25,26,38,41,42].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main outcome in most of the studies was all-cause and CVD mortality, followed by incident MACE, AF, HF, stroke, and additional CV outcomes. A total of six articles analyzed metabolites in serum [25,[29][30][31][32]36] and the rest in plasma. In 13 articles blood sample was collected in fasting [21,24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]36,[38][39][40] and in five articles in non-fasting conditions [18,22,25,41,42], while in two articles the fasting status was not reported [19,20] and in one article participants provided blood samples in either fasting or non-fasting conditions [23].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of six articles analyzed metabolites in serum [25,[29][30][31][32]36] and the rest in plasma. In 13 articles blood sample was collected in fasting [21,24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]36,[38][39][40] and in five articles in non-fasting conditions [18,22,25,41,42], while in two articles the fasting status was not reported [19,20] and in one article participants provided blood samples in either fasting or non-fasting conditions [23]. In 20 studies, the analyses of metabolites were performed by using mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to different chromatography techniques, while in one study a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform was used [40].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

et al. 2022

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have recently attracted considerable attention due to their role in host-microbial crosstalk and their link with cardiovascular health. The MEDLINE-PubMed and Elsevier’s Scopus databases were searched up to June 2022 for studies evaluating the association of baseline circulating levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), tryptophan and indole derivatives, with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of twenty-one studies were included in the systematic review after evaluating 1210 non-duplicate records. There were nineteen of the twenty-one studies that were cohort studies and two studies had a nested case–control design. All of the included studies were of high quality according to the “Newcastle–Ottawa Scale”. TMAO was positively associated with adverse cardiovascular events and CVD/all-cause mortality in some, but not all of the included studies. Bile acids were associated with atrial fibrillation and CVD/all-cause mortality, but not with CVD. Positive associations were found between BCAAs and CVD, and between indole derivatives and major adverse cardiovascular events, while a negative association was reported between tryptophan and all-cause mortality. No studies examining the relationship between SCFAs and CVD risk were identified. Evidence from prospective studies included in the systematic review supports a role of microbial metabolites in CVD.

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