Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

Sánchez-Giménez, Raúl; Ahmed-Khodja, Wahiba; Molina, Yesica; Peiró, Óscar M.; Bonet, Gil; Carrasquer, Anna; Fragkiadakis, Georgios A.; Bulló, Mònica; Bardajı́, Alfredo; Papandreou, Christopher

doi:10.3390/nu14132654

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, BAs, catechin, and TMAO, are the direct factors causing CVDs, and have been viewed as a new breakthrough for the prevention and treatment of CVDs ( 27 , 28 ). TMAO keeps increasing the risks of CVDs after excluding other risk factors for CVDs, demonstrating a strong association between high circulating levels of TMAO and the risk and mortality of CVDs ( 29 , 30 ). Consequently, a high circulating level of TMAO is a potential marker to better stratify CVDs risks and predict short- and long-term major adverse cardiac events ( 31 ).…”

Section: Tmao and Cvdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases

Jing

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide. Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related to intestinal microecology. Imbalances in intestinal microecology caused by changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota will eventually alter intestinal metabolites, thus transforming the host physiological state from healthy mode to pathological mode. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine by intestinal microbiota, and many studies have shown that this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and promotes atherosclerosis. TMAO is directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs and is an important risk factor affecting the occurrence and even prognosis of CVDs. This review presents the biological and chemical characteristics of TMAO, and the process of TMAO produced by gut microbiota. In particular, the review focuses on summarizing how the increase of gut microbial metabolite TMAO affects CVDs including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and other CVD-related diseases. Understanding the mechanism of how increases in TMAO promotes CVDs will potentially facilitate the identification and development of targeted therapy for CVDs.

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Section: Tmao and Cvdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases

Jing

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Indeed, it is now widely accepted that the microbial diversity of the gut is strictly influenced by the diet and vice versa, as the gut microbiota’s metabolism of different diet-derived compounds can influence the host’s health [ 45 ]. In particular, in addition to TMAO, several other gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been implicated in the enhancement of cardiovascular disease mortality, such as secondary bile acids and tryptophan and indole derivatives, as comprehensively described by Sanchez-Gimenez and collaborators [ 46 ].…”

Section: Trimethylamine N-oxide (Tmao)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite

Querio

Antoniotti

Geddo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Endothelial function is essential in the maintenance of systemic homeostasis, whose modulation strictly depends on the proper activity of tissue-specific angiocrine factors on the physiopathological mechanisms acting at both single and multi-organ levels. Several angiocrine factors take part in the vascular function itself by modulating vascular tone, inflammatory response, and thrombotic state. Recent evidence has outlined a strong relationship between endothelial factors and gut microbiota-derived molecules. In particular, the direct involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the development of endothelial dysfunction and its derived pathological outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, has come to light. Indeed, the role of TMAO in the modulation of factors strictly related to the development of endothelial dysfunction, such as nitric oxide, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectins), and IL-6, has been widely accepted. The aim of this review is to present the latest studies that describe a direct role of TMAO in the modulation of angiocrine factors primarily involved in the development of vascular pathologies.

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“…Moreover, patients with heart failure have higher plasma Kyn level, and Kyn level may be used as an indicator to predict the incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina. 83 Sanchez-Gimenez et al 84 have conducted a prospective cohort study, they found positive associations between indole derivatives and major adverse CVDs, while a negative relationship was reported between tryptophan and all-cause mortality. They speculated the influence of tryptophan on mortality might depend on the degradation rate of kynurenine.…”

Section: Bile Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sanchez-Gimenez et al 84 have conducted a prospective cohort study, they found positive associations between indole derivatives and major adverse CVDs, while a negative relationship was reported between tryptophan and all-cause mortality. They speculated the influence of tryptophan on mortality might depend on the degradation rate of kynurenine.…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Flora Derived Metabolites Affect the Occurrence and Development of Cardiovascular Disease

Wen¹,

Sun²,

Xie³

et al. 2022

JMDH

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In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in human health and diseases, especially the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Intestinal flora imbalance (changes in the composition and function of intestinal flora) accelerates the progression of CVDs. The intestinal flora breaks down the food ingested by the host into a series of metabolically active products, including trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primary and secondary bile acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA). These metabolites participate in the occurrence and development of CVDs via abnormally activating these signaling pathways more swiftly when the gut barrier integrity is broken down. This review focuses on the production and metabolism of TMAO and SCFAs. At the same time, we summarize the roles of intestinal flora metabolites in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease and hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and other CVDs. The theories of "gut-lung axis" and "gut-heart axis" are provided, aiming to explore the potential targets for the treatment of CVDs based on the roles of the intestinal flora in the CVDs.

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Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases

The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases

Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite

Intestinal Flora Derived Metabolites Affect the Occurrence and Development of Cardiovascular Disease

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