Deoxycholate Inhibitsin VivoButyrate-Mediated BrDU Labeling of the Colonic Crypt

Velázquez, Omaida C.; Seto, Renée W.; Bain, A.; Fisher, Jason; Rombeau, John L.

doi:10.1006/jsre.1997.5075

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…These findings lead to a model where butyrate facilitates the normal turnover of the colonic epithelium by promoting colonocyte proliferation in the bottom half of each crypt while increasing apoptosis in those cells that exfoliate into the lumen (Figure 7C). This model is supported by previous experiments demonstrating that stimulation of proliferation by butyrate occurs at low doses and only at the base of the crypt (Velazquez et al, 1997). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The Warburg Effect Dictates the Mechanism of Butyrate-Mediated Histone Acetylation and Cell Proliferation

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Widespread changes in gene expression drive tumorigenesis, yet our knowledge of how aberrant epigenomic and transcriptome profiles arise in cancer cells is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic transformation plays an important role. Butyrate is the primary energy source of normal colonocytes and is metabolized to acetyl-CoA, which was shown to be important not only for energetics but also for HAT activity. Due to the Warburg effect, cancerous colonocytes rely on glucose as their primary energy source so butyrate accumulated and functioned as an HDAC inhibitor. Although both mechanisms increased histone acetylation, different target genes were upregulated. Consequently, butyrate stimulated the proliferation of normal colonocytes and cancerous colonocytes when the Warburg effect was prevented from occurring, whereas it inhibited the proliferation of cancerous colonocytes undergoing the Warburg effect. These findings link a common metabolite to epigenetic mechanisms that are differentially utilized by normal and cancerous cells because of their inherent metabolic differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The Warburg Effect Dictates the Mechanism of Butyrate-Mediated Histone Acetylation and Cell Proliferation

et al. 2012

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“…The following effects may occur in the presence of DF: decrease of transit time; dilution of BA; inclusion of BA in the swollen, unfermented DF fraction; lowering of the proportion of secondary BA; improvement in health of the colon mucosa by higher concentrations of SCFA; a healthy microflora. Thus, butyrate and deoxycholic acid appear to interact in a complex and antagonistic manner to selectively modulate crypt base and surface proliferation in the rat colon (Velázquez et al 1997). It was also shown in the present study that intestinal butyrate was increased in groups fed the oat-based diets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Dietary fibre-rich oat-based products affect serum lipids, microbiota, formation of short-chain fatty acids and steroids in rats

2005

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Wistar rats (ten per group) were fed either an oat-free control diet or a dietary fibre-rich test diet containing 500 g oat-based products/kg for 6 weeks. The oat-based products, containing 4–128 g/kg resistant starch, 30–92 g/kg β-glucan and 122–304 g/kg total dietary fibre, were oat flour extrudate, flour/Novelose (commercial resistant starch) extrudate (80:20 w/w), oat bran, bran/Novelose extrudate (80:20 w/w) and autoclaved oat flour. Serum total cholesterol decreased in the groups fed flour, flour/Novelose and bran/Novelose (P<0·05). In most of the test groups, count numbers of bifidobacteria were higher (P<0·001) and of coliforms were lower (P<0·05). The mass of the caecum walls and contents was greater in groups fed Novelose- and bran-containing diets (P<0·005). In all the test groups, pH values were lower in the intestinal contents (P<0·001), and caecal concentrations of acetate (P<0·001), propionate (P<0·05), butyrate (P<0·005) and total SCFA (P<0·001) were higher. The lowest concentrations of steroids were found in rats fed the autoclaved flour. In the other test groups, more bile acids appeared in the caecal (P<0·001) and colonic contents (P<0·005), as well as in the faeces, at week 6 (P<0·001). The highest bile acid excretion was found after feeding bran-containing diets. In the intestinal contents of all the test groups, more primary bile acids (P<0·001) appeared than in the control group. The excretion of steroids increased within the experimental period. Using extrusion technology, dietary fibre-rich oat-based products, which have beneficial physiological effects in rats, can be produced. Oat flour and bran are excellent sources for the preparation of directly edible oat products. Their nutritional properties can be further improved by the addition of resistant starch.

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“…Unphysiological, high DCA concentrations cause 'premalignant' crypt surface hyperproliferation, which can be inhibited by butyrate in vitro (Bartram et al 1994). Velázquez et al (1997) used ligation in the proximal colon distal to the caecum in rats to investigate the effects on proliferation under in vivo conditions after a 24 h intraluminal installation of butyrate and DCA. The authors concluded that low DCA concentrations (5 mM) did not promote crypt surface hyperproliferation but inhibited the proliferative effect of butyrate at the crypt base.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal treatment of Novelose 330 results in high yield of resistant starch type 3 with beneficial prebiotic properties and decreased secondary bile acid formation in rats

et al. 2006

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Annealing and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) are shown to be suitable methods to increase the yield of resistant starch type 3 (RS3) from Novelose 330 by up to 75 %. Peak temperatures of approximately 1218C were used to produce to a sufficiently high thermal stability of the hydrothermal modified RS3 products for a wide range of applications. HMT significantly increased the crystallinity up to 40 %. An in vivo feeding experiment with Wistar rats showed that fermentation of Novelose 330 dominated in the proximal colon, but degradation of HMT-Novelose was more dominant in the distal colon, leading to higher butyrate concentrations in this segment of the large bowel. Large-bowel surface and crypt length increased in the proximal colon in rats fed the Novelose 330-containing diet. In contrast, after the intake of HMT-Novelose, maximal values were found in the distal segment. The lower pH and higher butyrate concentration of the caecal and colonic contents significantly suppressed the formation of secondary bile acids in RS3-fed rats. The formation of secondary bile acids was inhibited more strongly by HMT-Novelose than by Novelose 330. The Ki-67-immunopositive epithelial cells in the colon of RS3-fed rats indicated the establishment of an optimal balance in the dynamic process of mucosal regeneration. HMT provides a method for the economical production of a high-quality RS3 with dominating prebiotic properties in the distal colon for health-promoting applications.

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Deoxycholate Inhibitsin VivoButyrate-Mediated BrDU Labeling of the Colonic Crypt

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

The Warburg Effect Dictates the Mechanism of Butyrate-Mediated Histone Acetylation and Cell Proliferation

The Warburg Effect Dictates the Mechanism of Butyrate-Mediated Histone Acetylation and Cell Proliferation

Dietary fibre-rich oat-based products affect serum lipids, microbiota, formation of short-chain fatty acids and steroids in rats

Hydrothermal treatment of Novelose 330 results in high yield of resistant starch type 3 with beneficial prebiotic properties and decreased secondary bile acid formation in rats

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