Denying the Spoils of War

O’Mahoney, Joseph

doi:10.1515/9781474434447

2018

DOI: 10.1515/9781474434447

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Denying the Spoils of War

Joseph O’Mahoney¹

Abstract: provided excellent research assistance. Thanks also to Jenny Daly, for believing in the project.Particular mention must go to Davy Banks, who has indirectly made this book possible. Whether they be the intricacies of constructivism, the history of warfare or board games, Davy makes things fun.Most of all, I would like to thank my family. My parents for being encouraging throughout and my brother Tom for making me laugh. Nancy, Addy and Cam, you are the lights of my life.

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Cited by 4 publications

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The Evolution of Territorial Conquest After 1945 and the Limits of the Territorial Integrity Norm

Altman¹

2020

Int Org

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AbstractPast studies conclude that a territorial integrity norm caused territorial conquest to decline sharply after 1945, virtually subsiding after 1975. However, using new and more comprehensive data on territorial conquest attempts, this study presents a revised history of conquest after 1945. Unlike attempts to conquer entire states, attempts to conquer parts of states remained far more common than previously recognized. More than conquest declined in frequency, its relationship with war evolved. Challengers attempting conquest before 1945 often initiated a war, then sought to occupy large territories. Today, challengers more often seize small regions, then attempt to avoid war. Adopting this strategy, the fait accompli, challengers increasingly came to target territories with characteristics that reduce the risk of provoking war—such as a low population and the absence of a defending military garrison—but challengers nonetheless take a calculated gamble. In part because seizures of smaller territories with such characteristics have not declined, the operative constraint appears to be against war-prone aggression, not territorial revision. The evolution of conquest is a symptom of war's decline, not its cause. Most of the evidence that the territorial integrity norm suppressed conquest or war withers under investigation with new data. Attempts to get away with seizing small pieces of territory are likely to be a defining element of the twenty-first-century international security landscape.

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The Evolution of Territorial Conquest After 1945 and the Limits of the Territorial Integrity Norm

Altman¹

2020

Int Org

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NPT as an antifragile system: How contestation improves the nonproliferation regime

Smetana

O’Mahoney

2021

Contemporary Security Policy

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We introduce "antifragility" as a conceptual framework to understand the impact of occasional violations of regime norms on the health of respective regimes. Contrary to the prevailing understanding of norm violation as a strictly negative phenomenon that leaves regimes damaged, we show that normative deviance is, under certain conditions, a stressor that helps predominantly antifragile systems learn, improve, and adapt to changes in both internal and external environments. We apply this conceptual framework to the case of the NPT regime and the prominent violations of its nonproliferation norms by India in the 1970s (as a "contestation from outside") and Iraq in the 1990s (as a "contestation from within"). Our findings question the prevailing catastrophizing narrative about the strictly negative impact of norm violations on regime stability and contribute to contemporary scholarly debates about norm dynamics within the NPT.

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The Politics of State Recognition: Norms, Geopolitics, and the East Pakistan Crisis

Price

2024

Global Studies Quarterly

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In recent years, International Relations theorists have observed a resurgence in geopolitical rivalry, much of which is coalescing around cases of contested statehood. Yet, while there is a considerable volume of work on state recognition, the field would benefit from incorporating alternate approaches to geopolitics. A common approach entails treating geopolitical interests as independent variables for comparison against other factors. However, in prioritizing the comparison of variables, such work tells us less about how particular geopolitical interests arise in connection to cases of contested statehood. This paper therefore instead proposes a discursive approach to geopolitical interests. Following this approach, theorists will be able to treat grand strategies in a similar manner to the way the recognition scholarship already treats norms—as ideas that shape the dynamics of recognition but seldom point directly to specific recognition stances. By enabling theorists to account for the role of choice, contingency, and contestation in mediating grand strategies, this approach yields more comprehensive explanations of geopolitical interest and state recognition. In advancing its discursive approach to geopolitics and state recognition, this paper engages and extends recent constructivist work on grand strategy. The paper then illustrates the approach using the example of US policy toward the 1971 East Pakistan Crisis.

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Denying the Spoils of War

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

The Evolution of Territorial Conquest After 1945 and the Limits of the Territorial Integrity Norm

The Evolution of Territorial Conquest After 1945 and the Limits of the Territorial Integrity Norm

NPT as an antifragile system: How contestation improves the nonproliferation regime

The Politics of State Recognition: Norms, Geopolitics, and the East Pakistan Crisis

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